In C3 plants CO2 is first incorporated into __________, whereas in C4 and CAM plants the CO2 is first incorporated into __________, and subsequently put into the Calvin cycle by Rubisco. a. 3-phosphoglycerate; oxaloacetate b. dihydroxyacetone phosphate; malate c. 3-phosphoglycerate; malate d. glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate; erythrose-4-phosphate
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In C3 plants CO2 is first incorporated into __________, whereas in C4 and CAM plants the CO2 is first incorporated into __________, and subsequently put into the Calvin cycle by Rubisco.
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- Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson determined the steps in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis by exposing the green alga Chlorella to CO2 labeled with the radioisotope carbon 14. By looking at which compounds the C14 ended up in, they were able to identify all intermediates in this cyclic pathway. Why did they predict correctly that the same set of intermediates would be formed in the light reaction in land plants?Match each term with its most suitable description. ____ PGAL formation a. absorbs light ____CO2 fixation b. converts light to chemical energy ____ autotroph c. self-feeder ____ ATP forms NADPH does not d. electrons cycle back to photosystem ____ photorespiration e. problem in C3 plants ____ photosynthesis f. Calvin-Benson cycle product ____ pigment g. water molecules split ____ photolysis in photosynthesis h. rubisco functionA. The C4 plant performs photosynthesis more efficiently than the C3 when the CO2 concentration is 600ppm or less. Provide one reason why the rate of photosynthesis doesn’t change for the C4 plant when the CO2 concentration increases above 400 ppm. B. Discuss what is happening in the C3 plant when the CO2 levels are below 50 ppm. Provide one reason why this does NOT happen to the C4 plant.
- Which of the following descriptions about photorespiration is not correct? Select one: a. Rubisco binds O2 instead of CO2. b. Carbon dioxide is released without producing ATP. c. It limits damaging products of light reactions that build up in the absence of the Calvin cycle at low CO2 concentrations. d. Peroxisomes and mitochondria rearrange and split the compound made by rubisco to fix CO2. e. It occurs in hot and dry conditions.Under what conditions do the wasteful side reaction of O2 with rubisco become significant? a.) at night when the sun goes down and photosynthesis is limitng b.) low temperatures and high moisture c.) higher levels of soluable CO2 than O2 d.) higher levels of soluable O2 than CO2 e.) higher levels of rubisco enzyme in the cytoplasmPhotorespiration is avoided in C4 plants becausea. these plants separate the formation of a four-carbon molecule fromthe rest of the Calvin cycle in different cells.b. these plants carry out only anaerobic respiration.c. the enzyme PEP carboxylase functions to maintain high CO2concentrations in the bundle-sheath cells.d. all of the above.e. a and c only
- Atrazine is one of the world’s most used herbicides. It functions by bonding to and disabling a protein in photosystem II. Plants treated with this herbicide die via starvation. Based on this information, what is also true about atrazine-treated plants? a) Only non-cyclic electron flow is possible. b) There is not enough ATP created to fuel the Calvin cycle. c) The plants can switch to C4 pathways. d) The chloroplast is disabled.RuBisCo is mutated so that it does not function. What would be a possible impact on the Calvin cycle? which options are true a. Less CO2 would be produced. b. Oxidation of NADPH would be decreased. c. G3P production would decrease. d. CO2 would be fixed at an increased rate. e. RuBP would be regenerated at a faster rate.Typically the CO2 necessary for photosynthesis enters through the stomata of the plant leaves suppose petroleum jelly was used to coat the leaves out of this tomato blocked or closed a) what effect will this have on the light reactions in these leaf cells b) what effect will this have on the Calvin cycle in these leaf cells
- Under certain conditions, the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast may become 'leaky’ allowing ions to freely diffuse across it. A consequence of that is carbon fixation will stop. Why would the Calvin Cycle stop? A. Because oxidation of water by PSII would stop. B. Because reduction of NADP+ to NADPH would stop. C. Because the stroma would contain ADP but no ATP. D. Because levels of G3P in the stroma would increase.From a plant's perspective, the main purpose of photosynthesis is to Group of answer choices a)to produce sugars and oxygen for heterotrophs. b)plants are not cognitive organisms and therefore we have no idea what the "purpose" of photosynthesis is for the plant. c)to produce enough O2 gas for the plant to survive through the night. d)make sugars, such as glucose, to use for building cell walls and for energy needed by the plant.If an enzyme in the Calvin cycle were knocked out, then a the light-dependent reactions would increase. b the light-dependent reactions would stop. c the light-dependent reactions would diminish. d the light-dependent reactions would be unaffected.