In discussions of feedback in biological systems, negativefeedback is typically emphasized, and positive feedback is oftentreated as an anomaly. In fact, positive feedback is common inreproductive physiology. List two or three examples of positivefeedback. Explain how positive feedback functions to advantagein each case. If possible, discuss whether homeostasis is alwaysideal.

In discussions of feedback in biological systems, negativefeedback is typically emphasized, and positive feedback is oftentreated as an anomaly. In fact, positive feedback is common inreproductive physiology. List two or three examples of positivefeedback. Explain how positive feedback functions to advantagein each case. If possible, discuss whether homeostasis is alwaysideal.

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter4: Tissues, Organs, And Organ Systems

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8SQ: In______, physical and chemical aspects of the body are being kept within tolerable ranges by body...

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_________ controls are inherent to an organ, whereas _________ controls are regulatory mechanisms initiated outside an organ that alter the activity of the organ.
Describe a general physiological control system, includingthe role of negative feedback.
Which of these statements about homeostasis is true? a.The internal environment is maintained absolutely constant. b.Negative feedback mechanisms act to correct deviations from a normal range within the internal environment. c.Homeostasis is maintained by turning effectors on and off. d.All of these are true.
What must a body control system do to maintain homeostasis? Hint: outline the components of a feedback loop and their functions
Physiological changes that occur in anticipation of a future change to a homeostatic variable are called __________ processes.
Which of these homeostatic mechanisms in the body are examplesof positive feedback, and which are examples of negative feedback?Why?a. The adrenal glands produce epinephrine in response to a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in times of stress; the pituitary gland senses the epinephrine in the blood and stopsproducing the hormone.b. As the bladder fills with urine, pressure sensors send messagesto the brain with increasing frequency, signaling that the bladdermust be emptied. The more the bladder fills, the more messagesare sent.c. When you drink an excess of water, specialized cells in yourbrain, as well as stretch receptors in your heart, detect theincrease in blood volume. Both signals are transmitted to thekidneys, which increase the production of urine.
Identify the four components of a negative feedbackloop and explain what would happen if secretion of a bodychemical controlled by a negative feedback system becametoo great.
give two examples of feedback mechanisms in the human body. identify the type of feedback (negative or positive), the receptor, the control center and effector.
Choose a negative feedback loop and state the 5 components. Explain how positive feedback is different from negative feedback and give an example of positive feedback.
Negative feedback systems keep regulated variables within a normal range by ______________ any upward or downward shift in that variable, i.e. it means an _______________ response to a stimulus.
;Make a Venn Diagram using the provided information below NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM • Most control mechanisms in the human body are negativefeedback mechanisms• A negative feedback mechanism DECREASES theintensity of the stimulus and eliminates it• When a variable is above or below set point, integratortriggers a move in the OPPOSITE DIRECTION to reachthe set valueEx. Body temperature, blood pressure, pH and CO2 levels,blood glucose levelsPOSITIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM• A positive feedback mechanism ENHANCES the originalstimulus to ACCELERATE activity• Integrator triggers a move in the SAME DIRECTIONtriggering an “explosive” response• Positive feedback mechanisms are less commonEx. Blood clotting, childbirth (oxytocin)
In a negative feedback mechanism,a. the output cancels the input.b. there is a fluctuation above and below the average.c. there is self-regulation.d. a regulatory center communicates with other body parts.e. All of these are correct.