In efficient markets, the rate of return on a stock should be: A. always greater than the risk-free rate B. Less than zero C. Related to the systemic risk of the stock D. Zero; no stock should earn a positive return
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In
A. always greater than the risk-free rate
B. Less than zero
C. Related to the systemic risk of the stock
D. Zero; no stock should earn a positive return
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- Market equity beta measures the covariability of a firms returns with all shares traded on the market (in excess of the risk-free interest rate). We refer to the degree of covariability as systematic risk. The market prices securities so that the expected returns should compensate the investor for the systematic risk of a particular stock. Stocks carrying a market equity beta of 1.20 should generate a higher return than stocks carrying a market equity beta of 0.90. Nonsystematic risk is any source of risk that does not affect the covariability of a firms returns with the market. Some writers refer to nonsystematic risk as firm-specific risk. Why is the characterization of nonsystematic risk as firm-specific risk a misnomer?Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. Lower beta stocks have higher required returns. b. A stock's beta indicates its diversifiable risk. c. Diversifiable risk cannot be completely diversified away. d. Two securities with the same stand-alone risk must have the same betas. e. The slope of the security market line is equal to the market risk premium.According to the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), risky stocks pay a risk premium based on their level of systematic risk. Thus, a risky stock should have a higher expected return than a risk-free security unless it has a zero or negative beta. True False
- No matter how the stock price fluctuates, as long as it can provide a positive return, the risk of investing in stocks is low.If the concept of standard deviation is applied, is this true or false?Based on the CAPM model, a stock with a negative beta has which of the following characteristics? A. An expected return less than zero. B. An expected return equal to the risk-free rate. C. Since these are so rare, the CAPM model does not account for negative beta stocks. D. An expected return less than the risk-free rate.Assume that the risk-free rate remains constant, but the market risk premium declines. Which of the following is most likely to occur? a. The required return on a stock with beta = 1.0 will not change. b. The required return on a stock with beta > 1.0 will increase. c. The return on "the market" will increase. d. The return on "the market" will remain constant. e. The required return on a stock with a positive beta < 1.0 will decline.
- Assume that the CAPM assumptions hold. Consider the following statements:i. A stock with a beta below zero will tend to move in the same direction as the market but will tend to move less aggressively in that direction than the market does.ii. Alpha measures the additional risk we take on top of the risk of the market portfolio.Which one of the following expressions about risk and returns is wrong? A. In general, one reason why a stock is riskier than a bond is that because cash flows from a bond are known and promised, whereas cash flows from a stock are neither known nor promised. B. According to CAPM model, a well-diversified portfolio will have a beta which equals to 0. C. Risk premium is the extra return provided on risky assets to compensate for risk. The difference between risky return and the risk-free return. D. Unexpected return happened because new information came to light which caused our expectations about prices and returns to change.The security market line (SML) is an equation that shows the relationship between risk as measured by beta and the required rates of return on individual securities. The SML equation is given below: If a stock's expected return plots on or above the SML, then the stock's return is sufficient to compensate the investor for risk. If a stock's expected return plots below the SML, the stock's return is insufficient to compensate the investor for risk.The SML line can change due to expected inflation and risk aversion. If inflation changes, then the SML plotted on a graph will shift up or down parallel to the old SML. If risk aversion changes, then the SML plotted on a graph will rotate up or down becoming more or less steep if investors become more or less risk averse. A firm can influence market risk (hence its beta coefficient) through changes in the composition of its assets and through changes in the amount of debt it uses. Quantitative Problem: You are given the following…
- Which of the followings are required assumptions for the CAPM to hold? a Investors can borrow at the risk free rate b Investors are allowed to short any company c Investors have preference for high return and low volatility for their complete portfolio d stocks with negative correlation to the market doesn't existVolatility smile” is referred to as evidence against the Black-Scholes model. Why is that? A) Black-Scholes model assumes that different options on a given stock have different values for implied volatility b.) Volatility of returns on one and the same stock, over one and the same future period of time, can only take one value C) Black-Scholes model generates option premium close to the observed premium if the observed stock volatility is usedGiven the beta is a relative measure of systematic risk, it is reasonable to assume that there exists a relationship between required rate of return and beta. The nature of this relationship is captured in: a. None of the above b. Security Market Line c. Stock Market Equilibrium d. Inflation Risk