In explaining the meaning of obligation in the definition of a liability, the Conceptual Framework states: A. That an obligation is a duty or responsibility that an entity has no practical ability to avoid B. Than an obligation can arise from a duty or responsibility conditional on a future action that the entity itself may take, if the entity has no practical ability to avoid taking that action  C.  That an obligation can arise from an entity's customary practices,  published policies or specific statements, if the entity has no practical ability to avoid those practices, policies or statements  D. All of the above

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Contingent Liabilities and Provisions

A contingent liability can be defined as a liability the occurrence of which is dependent upon the happening of an uncertain future event. It is generally recorded in the books only when the amount of liability can be reasonably estimated and the contingency is likely to occur shortly.