In Rutherford’s original experiment, alpha particles (α) were shot toward a gold foil. Gold has an atomic number of 79. An α had initial kinetic energy of about 6 MeV. When an α was closest to a gold nucleus, it stopped completely by the electric repulsive force between the two nuclei. Assume all the α kinetic energy was converted to electric potential energy. The closest distance (center to center) between the two nuclei is _____ x 10-15 meter.

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Rutherford's scattering experiment

Rutherford’s scattering experiment is also known as the gold foil experiment. This experiment disproved the plum pudding model of J.J. Thomson. In a gold foil experiment, high-energy alpha particles are made to strike a thin gold foil. The scattered alpha particles are detected using a detector. This experiment showed that the positive charge of the atom is at the center. Most of the atom’s mass is also confined to a small volume at the center. This region is known as the nucleus of the atom.