In the early days of “mitochondriology," P/O ratios were deter-mined from measurements of volume of O, taken up by respiringmitochondria and chemical assays for disappearance of inorganicphosphate. Now, however, it is possible to measure P/O ratiossimply with a recording oxygen electrode. How might this bedone?

The Clark (Rank) oxygen electrode is an instrument that measures the ambient oxygen concentration in…

Answered: In the early days of…

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter2: Cell Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2TAHL

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In the early days of “mitochondriology,” P/O ratios were determined from measurements of volume of O2 taken up by respiring mitochondria and chemical assays for disappearance of inorganic phosphate. Now, however, it is possible to measure P/O ratios simply with a recording oxygen electrode. How might this be done?
In the early days of “mitochondriology,” P/O ratios were determined frommeasurements of volume of O2 taken up by respiring mitochondria andchemical assays for disappearance of inorganic phosphate. Now, however, itis possible to measure P/O ratios simply with a recording oxygen electrode.How might this be done?
What will happen to the proton (H+ions) gradient in the mitochondria if the inner membrane is punctured?
What is the total number of H+ transferred from matrix to intermembrane space of the mitochondria by complexes I, II and III for every 2 electrons movement? What would be the total amount of ATP synthesized (explain)?
If actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATPADP translocase, the electrontransport chain ceases to operate. Why?
When the antibiotic X is added to actively respiring mitochondria, several things happen: the yield of ATP decreases, the rate of O2 consumption increases, heat is released, and the pH gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane increases. Does X act as an uncoupler or an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation? Explain the experimental observations in terms of the antibiotic’s ability to transfer K+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What compounds are the immediate source of the "high energy electrons" that enter the electron transport system of mitochondria? Where do these electron-donating compounds gain their electrons? What type of compounds are these electron-donating compounds?
Explain why pyruvate does not enter the mitochondrion in the absence of oxygen?
If 30 molecules of acetyl CoA enter into the mitochondria in the presence of O2, how many molecules of ATP will be formed through oxidative phosphorylation?
What will happen to the proton (H+ions) gradient in the mitochondria if the ATP synthase is blocked?
How many ATP molecules are made when 40 protons flow from the intermembrane space to the matrix in healthy human mitochondria?
The inner mitochondrial membrane exhibits all of the fundamental characteristics of a typical cell membrane, but it also has several unique characteristics that are closely associated with its role in oxidative phosphorylation. What are these unique characteristics? How does each contribute to the function of the inner membrane?

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