Indicate whether the statement is TRUE, FALSE, or UNCERTAIN and explain why. Answer 1 & 2 1. If a monopsonist faces a perfectly elastic supply curve, there will be no deadweight loss relative to the competitive outcome 2. In a Cournot duopoly market, the two firms agree to produce half of the monopoly output level for that market and split the resulting profit. Since the monopoly profit is the highest profit that can be obtained, the two firms will always stick to that agreement even if it’s not legally (or in any other way) binding.
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Indicate whether the statement is TRUE, FALSE, or UNCERTAIN and explain why. Answer 1 & 2
1. If a monopsonist faces a perfectly elastic supply curve, there will be no
loss
2. In a Cournot duopoly market, the two firms agree to produce half of the
output level for that market and split the resulting profit. Since the monopoly profit is the highest profit that can be obtained, the two firms will always stick to that agreement even if it’s not legally (or in any other way) binding.
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- Indicate whether the statement is TRUE, FALSE, or UNCERTAIN and explain why. 1. It is economically more efficient to have a monopolist that discriminates perfectlythan a monopolist that sets a single price. 2. If a monopsonist faces a perfectly elastic supply curve, there will be no deadweightloss relative to the competitive outcome 3. In a Cournot duopoly market, the two firms agree to produce half of the monopolyoutput level for that market and split the resulting profit. Since the monopoly profit is the highest profit that can be obtained, the two firms will always stick to that agreement even if it’s not legally (or in any other way) binding.2.1 Graphically illustrate and explain the monopolist’s output decision. 2.2 The ultimate determinant of monopoly power is the firm’s elasticity of demand. What three factors determine a firm’s elasticity of demand? Explain this in the context of a South African example of a monopoly. 2.3 How should a monopsonist decide how much of a product to buy? Will it buy more or less than a competitive buyer? Explain.EMERGENCY PLEASE: suppose a market consists 3 firms ( firm A, firm B, firm C) and firm A's sales account for 40% of market sales, while firm B and C each control 30% of the market. in this market, the four-firm concentration ration is therefore __________ and the Herfindahl-Hirshman index is equal to _____________. if the firm B and firm C merge, the new value of the Herfindahl-Hirshman index would change to__________. sothe Departement of Justice_________ likely to block this merger. suggestions for the first: suggestions for the second: suggestions for the third:
- Consider a duopoly market with 2 firms. Aggregate demand in this market is given by Q = 500 – P, where P is the price on the market. Q is total market output, i.e., Q = QA + QB, where QA is the output by Firm A and QB is the output by Firm B. For both firms, marginal cost is given by MCi = 20, i=A,B. Assume the firms compete a la Cournot. What are the equilibrium quantities? What is the total quantity supplied on this market? What is the equilibrium price in this market?Suppose two firms face market demand of P=150-Q, where . Both firms have the same unit cost of C, which consist of your student number a plus 20 (i.e. if your student number a=3, then cost C=20+3=23). Assume the firms compete a la Stackelberg. Firm 1 is the leader and Firm 2 is the follower in this market. 1.What is the follower’s total revenue function? 2.Determine the equilibrium output level for both the leader and the follower. 3.Determine the equilibrium market price. 4.Determine the profits of the leader and the follower.. (Requires calculus). In the model of a dominant firm, assume that the fringe supply curve is given by Q = -1 + 0.2P, where P is market price and Q is output. Demand is given by Q = 11 – P.What will price and output be if there is no dominant firm? Now assume that there is a dominant firm, whose marginal cost is constant at $6. Derive the residual demand curve that it faces and calculate its profit-maximizing output and price. highest bidder, but both the winning and losing bidders must pay her their bids. So if Jones bids $1 they pay a total of $3, but Jones gets the money, leaving him with a net gain of $98 and Smith with -$1. If both bid the same amount, the $100 is split evenly between them. Assume that each of them has only two $1 bills on hand, leaving three possible bids: $0, $1 or $2. Write out the payoff matrix for this game, and then find its Nash equilibrium.
- 1.Suppose a second firm namely Pure Water Ltd enters the market. Let q1 be the output of Clear Water and q2 is the output of Pure Water. Market demand is thus now given by q1+q2 = 90 - P. Assuming Pure Water has the same costs as Clear Water. If each firm is to maximise its profits, taking its rival's output as given (i.e., behave as Cournot oligopolists): (i) Find the equilibrium quantities selected by each firm? (ii) Find the total output and what is the market price and profit for each firm? (iii) Why is the market (public) better off as under the monopolist in question (a)?Two firms are engaged in Cournot (simultaneous quantity) competition. Market-level inverse demand is given by P = 160 − 4Q Firm 1 has constant marginal costs of MC1 = 8, while Firm 2 has constant marginal costs of MC2 = 24. 1) Does there exist a low enough positive marginal cost for firm 1 such that firm 1 acts like a monopoly in this market, if so what is the MC if not why?Let the market demand curve be P = 70 - 2Q, and assume all sellers can produce at a constant marginal cost of MC = 10, with zero fixed costs. a. If the market is controlled by a monopolist, what is the equilibrium price and quantity? How much profit does the monopolist earn? b. Now suppose that Amy and Beau compete as Cournot oligopolists. What is the Cournot equilibrium quantity per seller, total market quantity, market price, and profit per seller? c. Now suppose Amy and Beau decide to collude and form a Monopoly. Amy produces half of the monopoly output. Use the best response functions derived in part b. to determine Beau's best response. Does Beau optimally produce half the monopoly output? Based on this result, does it seem likely that the firms will be able to sustain collusion? Why or why not? Explain.
- 2.1 Graphically illustrate and explain the monopolist’s output decision. 2.2 The ultimate determinant of monopoly power is the firm’s elasticity of demand. What three factors determine a firm’s elasticity of demand? Explain this in the context of a South African example of a monopoly. 2.3 What is meant by the term “monopsony power”? What are some sources of monopsony power? What determines the amount of monopsony power an individual firm is likely to have?Assume that annual inverse demand for a particular product is P=150-Q. The product is offered by a pair of Bertrand competitors, each with marginal costs of $75. The discount factor is 0.9. What is the current equilibrium price and total surplus? Now, assume though that if R&D is conducted at rate x, it incurs one-off costs of r(x)=10x^2 and reduces the marginal costs to (75-x). Suppose that one firm decides to conduct R&D at rate x=10. This research will be protected by a patent of T years. a) What profit(ignoring the one-off costs of R&D) does the innovating firm make each year during the period of patent protection? b) What is the new equilibrium price and total surplus once patent protection expires? c) Use your answer above to write the total surplus from the innovationSuppose a manufacturer and its retailer face the problem of double marginalization. If the manufacturer sets the wholesale price equal to its marginal cost c and in addition, requires the retailer to pay a fraction α (between 0 and 1) of its profit. 4.a Write down the retailer’s profit maximization problem. Will this practice solve the double marginalization problem? (That is, will this practice maximize their joint profit?) 4.b Suppose the retailer is required to pay a fraction of α of its sales (i.e., total revenue). Write down the retailer’s profit maximization problem. Will this practice solve the double marginalization problem?