IPSCs are nearly identical to human embryonic stemcells in terms of gene expression, but there may be otherways in which they are not equivalent. For example, thetelomeres of IPSCs often vary in length, with many IPSCscells having telomeres shorter than those of embryonic.How might shortened telomeres affect the life-span ofIPSCs or of differentiated cells derived from them?

IPSCs are nearly identical to human embryonic stemcells in terms of gene expression, but there may be otherways in which they are not equivalent. For example, thetelomeres of IPSCs often vary in length, with many IPSCscells having telomeres shorter than those of embryonic.How might shortened telomeres affect the life-span ofIPSCs or of differentiated cells derived from them?

Name: IPSCs are nearly identical to human embryonic stemcells in terms of ge
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Description: IPSCs are nearly identical to human embryonic stemcells in terms of gene expression, but there may be otherways in which they are not equivalent. For example, thetelomeres of IPSCs often vary in length, with many IPSCscells having telomeres shorter t

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)

14th Edition

ISBN:9781305073951

Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter31: Animal Tissues And Organ Systems

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CT: IPSCs are nearly identical to human embryonic stem cells in terms of gene expression, but there may...

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. Early in development, most human cells turn off expression of an essential component of telomerase, the enzyme responsible for addition of telomere repeat sequences (5’-TTAGGG) to the ends of chromosomes. Thus, as our cells proliferate their telomeres get shorter and shorter, but are normally not lost over the course of a lifetime. If cells are removed from the body and grown in culture, however they ultimately enter a state of replicative senescence and stop dividing when their telomeres get too short. By contrast, most human tumor cells express active telomerase, allowing them to maintain their telomeres and grow beyond the normal limit imposed by senescence - good for them, bad for us. Anticipating a universal cure for cancer, you set up a company to screen chemical ‘libraries’ for telomerase inhibitors. The company share price takes a dive, however, when a rival group generates a strain of telomerase-knockout mice. These mice breed happily for several generations, but…
Discuss the morphological differences between the parasegments and segments of Drosophila. Discuss the evidence, providing specific examples, that suggests the parasegments of the embryo are the subdivisions for the organization of gene expression.
IPSCs are nearly identical to human embryonic stem cells in terms of gene expression, but there may be other ways in which they are not equivalent. For example, the telomeres of IPSCs often vary in length, with many IPSCs cells having telomeres shorter than those of embryonic. How might shortened telomeres affect the life-span of IPSCs or of differentiated cells derived from them?
Protein levels and mRNA levels for a particualr gene don’t always match. For example, the GCN4 gene in yeast is always producing mRNA, but the Gcn4 protein is only made when the cells are starved. What does this mean for diagnostic techniques that try to look at gene expression?
The human body contains many distinct cell types yet almost all human cells contain the same genome with 21,000 genes. The distinct cell types are primarily due to differences in gene expression. Assume that one set of 1000 genes is expressed in all cell types and that the remaining 20,000 genes can be divided into sets of 1000 genes that are either all expressed or all not expressed in a given cell type. How many different cell types are possible if each cell type expresses 10 sets of these genes? Note that the number of combinations of n objects into m sets is given by n !/ (m!(n-m)!) where n! = 1*2*…*(n 2 1)*n.
The protein encoded by the cystic fibrosis gene is 1480amino acids long, yet the gene spans 250 kb. How is thisdifference possible?
Based on Figure 14-14 and the features of ultraconservedelements, what would you predict you’d observe if youinjected a reporter-gene construct of the rat ortholog ofthe ISL1 ultraconserved element into fertilized mouseoocytes and examined reporter gene expression in thedeveloping embryo?
Assuming that 32 million histone octamers arerequired to package the human genome, how many his-tone molecules must be transported per second pernuclear pore complex in cells whose nuclei contain 3000nuclear pores and are dividing once per day?
Protein levels and mRNA levels for a particualr gene don’t always match. For example, the GCN4 gene in yeast is always producing mRNA, but the Gcn4 protein is only made when the cells are starved. B. What does this mean for diagnostic techniques that try to look at gene expression?
Would the pattern of segment-polarity gene expression be normal if one or more gap genes were not expressed properly? Why or why not?
The hunchback gene, a gene necessary for proper patterning of the Drosophila embryo, is translationallyregulated. The position of the coding region withinthe transcript is known. How could you determine ifthe sequences within the 5′ UTR or 3′ UTR, or both,are necessary for proper regulation of the mRNA’stranslation?
In a mutant mouse, it was discovered that a gene "W" is moved from its original chromosomal locus to the telomere region, where chromatin is packed into heterochromatin. Given what we have learned about eukaryotic gene regulation, can you speculate how the expression of gene W in the new mouse line would be changed as compare to the normal mouse? Question 18 options: elevated in the mutant mouse than in the wild-type mouse. cannot be determined. reduced in the mutant mouse than in the wild-type mouse. no change in the mutant mouse as compared to the wild-type mouse.