is a normally distributed random variable with a mean of 60 and a standard deviation of 8. Find the probabilities indicated by using the table. (? < 52) (48 < ? < 64)
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- Population Genetics In the study of population genetics, an important measure of inbreeding is the proportion of homozygous genotypesthat is, instances in which the two alleles carried at a particular site on an individuals chromosomes are both the same. For population in which blood-related individual mate, them is a higher than expected frequency of homozygous individuals. Examples of such populations include endangered or rare species, selectively bred breeds, and isolated populations. in general. the frequency of homozygous children from mating of blood-related parents is greater than that for children from unrelated parents Measured over a large number of generations, the proportion of heterozygous genotypesthat is, nonhomozygous genotypeschanges by a constant factor 1 from generation to generation. The factor 1 is a number between 0 and 1. If 1=0.75, for example then the proportion of heterozygous individuals in the population decreases by 25 in each generation In this case, after 10 generations, the proportion of heterozygous individuals in the population decreases by 94.37, since 0.7510=0.0563, or 5.63. In other words, 94.37 of the population is homozygous. For specific types of matings, the proportion of heterozygous genotypes can be related to that of previous generations and is found from an equation. For mating between siblings 1 can be determined as the largest value of for which 2=12+14. This equation comes from carefully accounting for the genotypes for the present generation the 2 term in terms of those previous two generations represented by for the parents generation and by the constant term of the grandparents generation. a Find both solutions to the quadratic equation above and identify which is 1 use a horizontal span of 1 to 1 in this exercise and the following exercise. b After 5 generations, what proportion of the population will be homozygous? c After 20 generations, what proportion of the population will be homozygous?Trichotillomania is an illness characterized by the repeated urge to tear out hair, eyelashes, facial hair, nose hair, pubic hair, eyebrows, or other body hair, sometimes resulting in noticeable bald patches. A pharmaceutical company is trying to decide whether to market a drug to treat trichotillomania. The pharmacist who designed the drug believes it is very effective, especially when combined with therapy, whereas a researcher who did research on a sample of people suffering from the disorder is less convinced. Each of them created graphs to support his or her position. Determine whether the pharmacist or the researcher created each graph. (Hint: Decide whether the graph minimizes or maximizes the effect of the drug first. Then decide who would want to do that, and choose your response from the list of possible combinations.)A university interested in tracking its honors program believes that the proportion of graduates with a GPA of 3.00 or below is less than 0.20. In a sample of 200 graduates, 30 students have a GPA of 3.00 or below. In testing the university’s belief, how does one define the population parameter of interest?
- The paper "Living Near Nuclear Power Plants and Thyroid Cancer Risks"† investigated whether living near a nuclear power plant increases the risk of thyroid cancer. The authors of this paper concluded that there was no evidence of increased risk of thyroid cancer in areas that were near a nuclear power plant. (a) Let p denote the proportion of the population in areas near nuclear power plants who are diagnosed with thyroid cancer during a given year. The researchers who wrote this paper might have considered the two rival hypotheses of the form below. H0: p is equal to the corresponding value for areas without nuclear power plants Ha: p is greater than the corresponding value for areas without nuclear power plants Did the researchers reject H0or fail to reject H0?The researchers rejected H0. The researchers failed to reject H0. (b) If the researchers are incorrect in their conclusion that there is no evidence of increased risk of thyroid cancer associated with living near a nuclear…Biostatistics Outpatients (N = 36) with type 2 diabetes were referred back to the hospital because of the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) (possible kidney failure). During their follow-up, some patients were diagnosed with advanced (or end-stage) CKD, requiring an extension of their stay in the hospital, while others were readmitted for further medical assessment. Throughout the study, mortality and hospitalization rates, as well as bio-chemical lab test results, were reported. In addition, the attached data slice contains additional demographic data about the patient group. Q1: Write demographic and lifestyle summary with appropriate statistical tools of descriptive statistics that include Age(years), Gender, Level of deprivation [Townsend or socio-economical status SES], and Marital status.Biostatistics Outpatients (N = 36) with type 2 diabetes were referred back to the hospital because of the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) (possible kidney failure). During their follow-up, some patients were diagnosed with advanced (or end-stage) CKD, requiring an extension of their stay in the hospital, while others were readmitted for further medical assessment. Throughout the study, mortality and hospitalization rates, as well as bio-chemical lab test results, were reported. In addition, the attached data slice contains additional demographic data about the patient group. Q2: Write a statistical summary for patients’ health status that include Smoking status, Glucose level (mmol/L), C-reactive protein (CRP) (mg/L), Blood urea (mmol/L), Serum creatinine (μmol/L), and Albumin level (g/L).
- Cell Phones and Cancer In a study of 420,095 Danish cell phone users, 135 subjects developed cancer of the brain or nervous system (based on data from theJournal of the National Cancer Institute as reported in USA Today).Test the claim of a somewhat common belief that such cancers are affected by cell phone use. That is, test the claim that cell phone users develop cancer of the brain or nervous system at a rate that is different from the rate of 0.0340% for people who do not use cell phones. Because this issue has such great importance, use a 0.005 significance level. Based on these results, should cell phone users be concerned about cancer of the brain or nervous system?Distinguish between Heteroskedasticity and autocorrelationMammograms A 9-year study in Sweden compared21,088 women who had mammograms with 21,195 whodid not. Of the women who underwent screening, 63 died of breast cancer, compared to 66 deaths among the con-trol group. (The New York Times, Dec 9, 2001) a) Do these results support the effectiveness of regu-lar mammograms in preventing deaths from breast cancer?b) If your conclusion is incorrect, what kind of error haveyou committed?
- Allison finds that the Pearson correlation coefficient for the relationship between number of pets owned and a person's IQ is +0.21. There are 25 people in her sample. Assuming an alpha level of 0.05 and a two-tailed test, what should she conclude? a. Reject the null hypothesis. The critical value is larger than the calculated value. b. Fail to reject the null hypothesis. The critical value is larger than the calculated value. c. Fail to reject the null hypothesis. The value is larger than the calculated value. d. Reject the null hypothesis. The calculated value is larger than the critical value.You think that there might be a relationship between stress for Middle Schoolers and the number of after-school activities that the student participates in. Conduct an ANOVA with an 8-step hypothesis on the following data to find if there if there is a significant relationship occurring. # of after school activities Stress Scores 0 1 0 2 0 8 1-2 3 1-2 10 1-2 4 1-2 2 1-2 6 3 or more 9 3 or more 8 3 or more 3Benzene is a pollutant that, according to studies, can be associated with health problems. Benzene is found in air, water, and soil and comes from both industrial and natural sources. Benzene levels in indoor air are generally higher than outdoors. The main source of benzene in indoor air appears to be tobacco smoke, thus the combustion of tobacco is a major source of pollution. Benzene levels are measured in a random sample of 36 bars in a city, obtaining an average benzene level of 19.2 mg / m3, with a standard deviation of 2.1 mg / m3. Estimate the mean benzene level in bars in this city using a 95% confidence interval. (do your calculations to 4 decimal places) (need the process can be by hand ,Excel or R.) a)Other solution b)[18.48946, 19.91054] c)[19.0950, 19.3050] d)[18.5140, 19.8859] e)[18.6243, 19.7757] f)[18.4315, 19.7936]