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In December 2020, Jean, a 30 year-old man, went to a concert in his town where more than 3 thousand people attended. Only 30% of the people in the concert were wearing mask, and there was not enough space to keep social distance. After 6 days, Jean started to develop fever and he lost the sense of smell and taste. Eight days after the party, he began to have difficulty breathing and was diagnosed with COVID-19. Let’s try to write the whole story about how the SARS-CoV2 invaded Jean’s body.
- After a few days of the infection, Jean’s adaptive immune system is ready to attack the remaining viral particles that were not efficiently destroyed by the innate immunity army.
- Is it possible for the immune system to eliminate the viruses without B cells? Why or why not?
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- In December 2020, Jean, a 30 year-old man, went to a concert in his town where more than 3 thousand people attended. Only 30% of the people in the concert were wearing mask, and there was not enough space to keep social distance. After 6 days, Jean started to develop fever and he lost the sense of smell and taste. Eight days after the party, he began to have difficulty breathing and was diagnosed with COVID-19. Let’s try to write the whole story about how the SARS-CoV2 invaded Jean’s body. The T cell response follows the antibody-mediated B cell immunity. What is the connection between B and T cells to build an effective immune response to SARS-Cov2?In December 2020, Jean, a 30 year-old man, went to a concert in his town where more than 3 thousand people attended. Only 30% of the people in the concert were wearing mask, and there was not enough space to keep social distance. After 6 days, Jean started to develop fever and he lost the sense of smell and taste. Eight days after the party, he began to have difficulty breathing and was diagnosed with COVID-19. Let’s try to write the whole story about how the SARS-CoV2 invaded Jean’s body. SARS-CoV2 viral particles entered Jean’s nasal cavity and attached to the respiratory mucous membranes. Some mucosal barriers prevent part of the viral particles to penetrate the respiratory epithelium. Which are these barriers and how do they act? 2) Which cells are recruited from the bloodstream to the connective tissue (under the respiratory epithelium) to phagocyte the viral particles? Explain the recruitment mechanism. After a few days of the infection, Jean’s adaptive immune…In December 2020, Jean, a 30 year-old man, went to a concert in his town where more than 3 thousand people attended. Only 30% of the people in the concert were wearing mask, and there was not enough space to keep social distance. After 6 days, Jean started to develop fever and he lost the sense of smell and taste. Eight days after the party, he began to have difficulty breathing and was diagnosed with COVID-19. Let’s try to write the whole story about how the SARS-CoV2 invaded Jean’s body. SARS-CoV2 viral particles entered Jean’s nasal cavity and attached to the respiratory mucous membranes. Which cells are recruited from the bloodstream to the connective tissue (under the respiratory epithelium) to phagocyte the viral particles? Explain the recruitment mechanism.
- In December 2020, Jean, a 30 year-old man, went to a concert in his town where more than 3 thousand people attended. Only 30% of the people in the concert were wearing mask, and there was not enough space to keep social distance. After 6 days, Jean started to develop fever and he lost the sense of smell and taste. Eight days after the party, he began to have difficulty breathing and was diagnosed with COVID-19. Let’s try to write the whole story about how the SARS-CoV2 invaded Jean’s body. 6)Is it possible for the immune system to eliminate the viruses without T cells? Why or why not? (This question will be graded based on your ability to think critically – even if the event described isIn December 2020, Jean, a 30 year-old man, went to a concert in his town where more than 3 thousand people attended. Only 30% of the people in the concert were wearing mask, and there was not enough space to keep social distance. After 6 days, Jean started to develop fever and he lost the sense of smell and taste. Eight days after the party, he began to have difficulty breathing and was diagnosed with COVID-19. Let’s try to write the whole story about how the SARS-CoV2 invaded Jean’s body. After a few days of the infection, Jean’s adaptive immune system is ready to attack the remaining viral particles that were not efficiently destroyed by the innate immunity army. 3) Explain one mechanism of antibody action against viruses.1 Nerve Tissue Diseases: Rabies1 On his way to work, Elmo was bitten by a dog. Within 2 months, Elmo began having mild convulsions and showed rage and signs of confusion. A few weeks later, he began to foam at the mouth when he saw water. Elmo was taken to the hospital immediately to receive treatment against rabies. The doctor explained that when the infected dog bit Elmo, the rabies virus in the dog’s saliva entered Elmo’s body and traveled along the sensory nerves to the spinal cord and from the spinal cord to the brain. Elmo began showing signs of confusion and rage when the virus reached his brain. He could not swallow water or food because in absence of appropriate nerve impulses from the brain, the muscles in his throat were paralyzed. You can help Elmo by completing the following tasks: A. Follow the path of the virus from the skin on Elmo’s leg to the spinal cordand the brain by locating the structures below. B. Draw and label the three connective tissue layers that cover and…
- Pasteur injected the material from the spinal cord of a rabbit that died of rabies into a young boy who had been bitten by a rabid dog. The material stopped the infection by attaching to the rabies virions so they could not cause disease. What type of immunity was given to the boy? natural active natural passive artificial active artificial passiveYou are a volunteer for Nurses Without Borders and are being sent to a country in Africa. You are excited, because you will have opportunities to go on safari, but you are also somewhat concerned because you have learned from the CDC website that there is currently cholera in the country to which you are going. Patients with cholera experience vomiting and severe diarrhea, producing several liters of liquid stool in a day. This results in signs of dehydration, including sunken eyes, muscle cramps, and in a few cases, convulsions and death. Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. You make a list of questions about V. cholerae that you answer with the help of your nursing school study group. In order to treat cholera, antiviral medication must be given to get rid of the bacteriophage that carries the cholera toxin gene. True or FalseYou have a friend with a cold. He went to his doctor and was annoyed that his doctor would not prescribe an antibiotic to get rid of his cold. You decide you need to set the record straight. Does your friend’s doctor think he has a bacterial infection? How do you know? Antibiotics only work against bacteria, and viruses are what cause colds and flu. In addition, they cause almost all cases of sinusitis, and bronchitis or chest colds are also due to viruses. So antibiotics won't do any good. What sort of infection is your friend’s cold? How do you know based on his doctor’s actions? How would you explain to your friend the importance of not taking an antibiotic for a cold?
- Anne had the smallpox virus. She is unlikely to get sick if she is infected with the smallpox virus again because her immune system has 'memory' of the virus and can fight it off effectively. Is Anne likely to get sick if infected with a different virus? Why or why not?Melissa is a 15-year-old high school student. Over the last week, she had been feeling tired and found it difficult to stay awake in class. By the time the weekend had arrived, she developed a sore throat that made it difficult to eat and even drink. Melissa was too tired to get out of bed, and she said her head ached. On Monday morning, her mother took her to her doctor. Upon completing the physical exam, he told Melissa the lymph nodes were enlarged in her neck and she had a fever. He ordered blood tests and told Melissa he thought she had mononucleosis, a viral infection requiring much bed rest. Innate and adaptive immune defenses work collectively in destroying invasive microorganisms. What is the interaction between macrophages and T lymphocytes during the presentation of antigen?Breast fed babies are more immune to diseases than the bottle fed babies. Why?