Is the genus alcaligenes gelatin negative or postive?

Q: When would it be beneficial to use a eukaryotic host formolecular cloning?

A: The techniques for  gene manipulation, cloning, and expression were first developed in bacteria.…

Q: Why pineapple is considered C4 plant?

A: Pineapples carry special type of photosynthesis called as Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). This…

Q: What is a non conjugative plasmid?

A:

Q: Which vector is used in the manufacturing of Covishield?

A: The delivery of vaccines require the presence of vector so that the virus can be transferred to the…

Q: Is covid still deadly

A: Corona virus are large family of viruses, that are known to cause illness ranging from the common…

Q: What is the role of PopZ in segregating theCaulobacter daughter chromosomes?

A: Caulobacter crescentus is a gram-negative alpha-proteobacterium. It contains a single circular…

Q: Approximately how many genes are necessary for amicrobial cell to have a free-living existence?

A: The minimal genome concept aims to explain the presence of only the essential genes in the genome in…

Q: Why is it usually more difficult to select recombinants withArchaea than with Bacteria?

A: Archaea are single celled-microorganisms and they are prokaryotes. They comprised of a single…

Q: How did clone USA300 and other strains of MRSA become so dangerous?

A: The reason is;

Q: What is a mobilizable plasmid?

A:

Q: Name the commonly used vector for trans formation in plant cell?

A: Transgenic crops are those crops that have been genetically modified (GM) to support our needs. The…

Q: What is the role of euglenoids and its dagram?

A: Simple divisions of organisms includes only plants and animals. The animal are further divided into…

Q: what tests can help  to differentiate Pseudomonads aeroginosa, Pseudomonads fluorescents, and…

A: The Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane that protects them from various antibiotics. The…

Q: Explain about auxotroph. Define its working ?

A: Auxotroph are microorganisms that are unable to synthesize an essential nutrient because of gene…

Q: Describe how you would genetically design a superbug resistant to β-lactams, methicillin,…

A: Superbugs are varieties of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi that can survive most antibiotics…

Q: Explain the mechanism used to transfer genes via conjugation

A: Bacterial conjugation is the method of gene transfer from one bacterium to another by direct cell to…

Q: The F plasmid encodes which two functions essential for conjugation?

A: Plasmid encodes the Synthesis of F pilus and several other proteins required for Conjugation. Plasma…

Q: Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus-free plants and why?

A: A virus is a very small submicroscopic agent that is known for causing infections in its host…

Q: What is the purpose of using DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus for the polymerase chain reaction…

A: Thermus aquaticus is a heat tolerant bacterium .DNA polymerase used from Thermus aquaticus is heat…

Q: Why are single-stranded binding (SSB) proteins required?

A: SSBs are nucleoproteins that can be found in bacteria, bacteria, and animals. When opposed to…

Q: Below is a diagram of the general structure of the bacteriophagel chromosome. Speculate on the…

A: A virus may be a variety of virus that infects bacteria. In fact, the word "bacteriophage" virtually…

Q: "what is the reason for forming mucoid colonies in some types of bacteria?"

A: Microscopic organisms develop on strong media as provinces. A settlement is characterized as an…

Q: To what chemical groups can bacteriophage specific for gram-positive cells attach?

A: A virus is a small infectious agent that only replicates inside the living cells of an organism. It…

Q: E. coli

A: Bacterial Strain LE392 is used for both genomic and cDNA cloning. LE392 lacks the E. coli K…

Q: In what ways does conjugation create bacterial cells that are at least partially diploid? Is this a…

A: Conjugation is the process of transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another by direct…

Q: What advantage do quorum-sensing systems confer onbacterial cells?

A: Quorum sensing is a way of communication between cells. It is a signaling pathway. Quorum sensing is…

Q: In conjugation, how are donor and recipient cells brought intocontact with each other?

A: Asexual reproduction is a process in which the organisms reproduce by means of somatic cell…

Q: True or False: Hybridoma cells are used to produceantigens designed to attack one and only one site…

A: The monoclonal antibodies are used in the forensic test kits. Most of the immunoassay test kits for…

Q: How does an auxotroph differ from a prototroph in bacteria?

A: Microorganisms display different types of nutrition. Although some bacteria live in symbiotic…

Q: A bacteriophage λ is found that is able to lysogenize itsE. coli host at 30°C but not at 42°C. What…

A: Introduction  Viruses have two types of life cycles either the Lytic cycle or the Lysogenic life…

Q: can Bifidobacterium longum  help fast-growing plants?

A: Bifidobacterium longum which is a gram positive and rod shaped bacteria usually found in human…

Q: A plasmid may A) replicate independently of the chromosome. B) be transferred cell-to-cell during…

A: A plasmid is usually present in bacteria as an extra-chromosomal DNA which is capable of independent…

Q: Why is bacterial conjugation important?

A: Transfer of genes in prokaryotes occurs through horizontal gene transfer mechanisms like…

Q: Does the removal of plasmid make a strain improved in nature? Why?

A: Plasmids naturally exist in bacterial cells and even a few eukaryotes, they carry genes of utmost…

Q: What is Auxotroph and Prototroph?

A: Microorganisms are microscopic organisms, which are unicellular, multicellular, or cell clusters.…

Q: Why are regulatory mutants used to increase the production of glutamic acid by Corynebacterium…

A: Corynebacterium glutamicum is a rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria of the Corynebacteriaceae family…

Q: What kind of vector is this?

A: This is the picture of human flea , Pulex irritans.  It is very poor vector.  It cause trench…

Q: How are you able to distinguish clones/colonies whose plasmid contain an insert from those that…

A: The method of creating several copies of a single piece of DNA, such as a gene, is known as DNA…

Q: Describe how you would genetically design a superbugresistant to b-lactams, methicillin,…

A: Superbugs are strains of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites that are resistant to most the…

Q: Explain how a U-tube apparatus can distinguish between genetictransfer involving conjugation and…

A: Transformation is a process of horizontal gene transfer wherein, the genetic matter moves from one…

Q: How is an auxotroph different from a prototroph?

A: Introduction: Auxotrophs are mutant organisms generally fungus or bacterium that need a special…

Q: What is the end replication problem? How does B. burgdorferi solve it?

A: DNA is the polymer that serves as the hereditary material in all living organisms. That is, it is…

Q: How does an auxotroph differ from a prototroph?

A: Microorganisms grow on different nutrient sources. Some are adapted to grow well in both the minimal…

Q: What and where is the restriction site of the lacl gene of K. pneumoniae? What restriction enzyme…

A: The lacZ and lacI genes are transcribed from opposite strands in the lac operon of K. pneumoniae.…

Q: Describe the three different methods of horizontal gene transfer among bacteria and mention their…

A: Horizontal gene transfer, otherwise called lateral gene transfer, is an interaction where an…

Q: Describe how replica plating is used to detect and isolate auxotrophic mutants.

A: Auxotrophic Mutant:Auxotrophic mutants are strains that require a growth supplement that the…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.