• Is the set Q(i) = (n+bi: n,be Q) with defined operation of addition A Nulgroup of a group (C. +)
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- Exercises 11. According to Exercise of section, if is prime, the nonzero elements of form a group with respect to multiplication. For each of the following values of , show that this group is cyclic. (Sec. ) a. b. c. d. e. f. 33. a. Let . Show that is a group with respect to multiplication in if and only if is a prime. State the order of . This group is called the group of units in and designated by . b. Construct a multiplication table for the group of all nonzero elements in , and identify the inverse of each element.Suppose that the abelian group G can be written as the direct sum G=C22C3C3, where Cn is a cyclic group of order n. Prove that G has elements of order 12 but no element of order greater than 12. Find the number of distinct elements of G that have order 12.If p1,p2,...,pr are distinct primes, prove that any two abelian groups that have order n=p1p2...pr are isomorphic.
- If a is an element of order m in a group G and ak=e, prove that m divides k.15. Assume that can be written as the direct sum , where is a cyclic group of order . Prove that has elements of order but no elements of order greater than Find the number of distinct elements of that have order .Let n be appositive integer, n1. Prove by induction that the set of transpositions (1,2),(1,3),...,(1,n) generates the entire group Sn.
- 10. Prove that in Theorem , the solutions to the equations and are actually unique. Theorem 3.5: Equivalent Conditions for a Group Let be a nonempty set that is closed under an associative binary operation called multiplication. Then is a group if and only if the equations and have solutions and in for all choices of and in .In Exercises 3 and 4, let G be the octic group D4=e,,2,3,,,, in Example 12 of section 4.1, with its multiplication table requested in Exercise 20 of the same section. Let H be the subgroup e, of the octic group D4. Find the distinct left cosets of H in D4, write out their elements, partition D4 into left cosets of H, and give [D4:H]. Find the distinct right cosets of H in D4, write out their elements, and partition D4 into right cosets of H. Example 12 Using the notational convention described in the preceding paragraph, we shall write out the dihedral group D4 of rigid motions of a square The elements of the group D4 are as follows: 1. the identity mapping e=(1) 2. the counterclockwise rotation =(1,2,3,4) through 900 about the center O 3. the counterclockwise rotation 2=(1,3)(2,4) through 1800 about the center O 4. the counterclockwise rotation 3=(1,4,3,2) through 2700 about the center O 5. the reflection =(1,4)(2,3) about the horizontal line h 6. the reflection =(2,4) about the diagonal d1 7. the reflection =(1,2)(3,4) about the vertical line v 8. the reflection =(1,3) about the diagonal d2. The dihedral group D4=e,,2,3,,,, of rigid motions of the square is also known as the octic group. The multiplication table for D4 is requested in Exercise 20 of this section.In Exercises 3 and 4, let be the octic group in Example 12 of section 4.1, with its multiplication table requested in Exercise 20 of the same section. Let be the subgroup of the octic group . Find the distinct left cosets of in , write out their elements, partition into left cosets of , and give . Find the distinct right cosets of in , write out their elements, and partition into right cosets of . Example 12 Using the notational convention described in the preceding paragraph, we shall write out the dihedral group of rigid motions of a square The elements of the group are as follows: 1. the identity mapping 2. the counterclockwise rotation through about the center 3. the counterclockwise rotation through about the center 4. the counterclockwise rotation through about the center 5. the reflection about the horizontal line 6. the reflection about the diagonal 7. the reflection about the vertical line 8. the reflection about the diagonal . The dihedral group of rigid motions of the square is also known as the octic group. The multiplication table for is requested in Exercise 20 of this section.
- 12. Find all homomorphic images of each group in Exercise of Section. 18. Let be the group of units as described in Exercise. For each value of, write out the elements of and construct a multiplication table for . a. b. c. d.Prove statement d of Theorem 3.9: If G is abelian, (xy)n=xnyn for all integers n.The elements of the multiplicative group G of 33 permutation matrices are given in Exercise 35 of section 3.1. Find the order of each element of the group. (Sec. 3.1,35) A permutation matrix is a matrix that can be obtained from an identity matrix In by interchanging the rows one or more times (that is, by permuting the rows). For n=3 the permutation matrices are I3 and the five matrices. (Sec. 3.3,22c,32c, Sec. 3.4,5, Sec. 4.2,6) P1=[ 100001010 ] P2=[ 010100001 ] P3=[ 010001100 ] P4=[ 001010100 ] P5=[ 001100010 ] Given that G={ I3,P1,P2,P3,P4,P5 } is a group of order 6 with respect to matrix multiplication, write out a multiplication table for G.