Leaf coloration in the four-o'clock plant, Mirabilis jalapa, was one of the first examples of extranuclear inheritance. Leaves may be green, white or variegated. If ovules from a white-leafed branch are pollinated with pollen from a green-leafed branch, what phenotypes will be observed in the progeny? A. all green-leafed progeny B. white-, green- and variegated-leafed progeny C. white- and green-leafed progeny D. all white-leafed progeny
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- In certain cactus, prickly spines can be two-pronged or one-pronged. If a homozygous one-pronged cactus is crossed with a homozygous two-pronged cactus, the F1 generation has a mixture of spines (some are two-pronged, some are one-pronged). a. What are the genotypes of the parents and F1s?b. What mode of inheritance is exhibited? c. If the F1s were crossed, what proportion of the F2s will have genotypes like their parents?Assume that plant weight is determined by a pair of alleles at each of two independently assorting loci (A and a, B and b) that are additive in their effects. Further assume that each allele represented by an uppercase letter contributes 4 g to weight and that each allele represented by a lowercase letter contributes 1 g to weight. a. If a plant with genotype AA BB is crossed with a plant with genotype aa bb, what weights are expected in the F1 progeny? b. What is the distribution of weight expected in the F2 progeny?In tomatoes, tall (D) is dominant over dwarf (d) and smooth fruit (P) is dominant over pubescent fruit (p), which is covered with fine hairs. A farmer has two tall and smooth tomato plants, which we will call plant A and plant B. The farmer crosses plants A and B with the same dwarf and pubescent plant and obtains the following numbers of progeny: Q. Explain why different proportions of progeny are produced when plant A and plant B are crossed with the same dwarf pubescent plant.
- You self-fertilize an F1 plant to produce the F2 generation. Based on Mendelian principles of inheritance, what fraction of the F2 generation do you expect to be short with round, green seeds? HINT: Solving this problem will require a very large Punnett square (8 x 8), but you can easily solve it using the Multiplication RuleIn the tomato, yellow flowers (Y) is dominant to white flowers (y). A true-breeding yellow flowered strain is crossed with a true-breeding white flowered strain.A. If the F1 generation is self crossed, what will be the genotypes and phenotypes of the progeny and in what portions are they expected? B. If an F1 plant were crossed with a plant from true-breeding white flowered strain, what will be the genotypes and phenotypes of the progeny and in what portions are they expected?In corn, a pair of genes determines leaf shape and another pair determines pollen shape. A ragged-leafed plant with round-pollen was crossed to a ragged-leaf plant with angular pollen, and the resultant progeny were classified as follows: 186 ragged-leaf round-pollen 174 ragged-leaf angular pollen 57 smooth-leaf round pollen 63 smooth-leaf angular-pollen provide your hypothesis of the genotypes for the two parents. According to your hypothesis, what numbers would you have expected for each of the four classes of progeny? Follow the format of the number with the phenotypes in the question above. Test your hypothesis statistically using the chi-square method and indicate whether you accept or reject your hypothesis. Show your solutions.
- In corn, seedling color is determined by genes at two loci (C/c and D/d). Suppose that you cross a pure-breeding green seedling with a pure-breeding yellow seedling and obtain only green seedlings in the F1 generation. You then cross two of the F1 seedlings and obtain the following progeny for the F2 generation: 138 green seedlings, 33 virescent-white seedlings, and 10 yellow seedlings. What form of epistasis would explain these data?Two true-breeding white strains of the plantIllegitimati noncarborundum were mated, and theF1 progeny were all white. When the F1 plants wereallowed to self-fertilize, 126 white-flowered and33 purple-flowered F2 plants grew.a. How would you describe inheritance of flowercolor? Describe how specific alleles influence eachother and therefore affect phenotype.b. A white F2 plant is allowed to self-fertilize. Ofthe progeny, 3/4 are white-flowered, and 1/4 are purple-flowered. What is the genotype of the whiteF2 plant?c. A purple F2 plant is allowed to self-fertilize. Of theprogeny, 3/4 are purple-flowered, and 1/4 arewhite-flowered. What is the genotype of the purpleF2 plant?d. Two white F2 plants are crossed with each other.Of the progeny, 1/2 are purple-flowered, and 1/2are white-flowered. What are the genotypes of thetwo white F2 plants?The fly with vestigial wings is crossed with the fly with normal wings shown in the upper-right corner of the figure. If the progeny are reared at 31°C, what percentage will have vestigial wings?
- The long hair of Persian cats is recessive to the short hair of Siamese cats, but the black coat colour of Persians is dominant to the black-and-tan coat of the Siamese. a) If a true-breeding black long-haired Persian is mated with a true-breeding black-and-tan short-haired Siamese, what are the predicted phenotypes of the cats in the F1 generation? b) If two of the F1 generation cats are then mated, what is the chance of obtaining a long-haired black-and-tan cat in the F2 generation? Your answerA red-fruited tomato plant (which is dominant), when crossed with a yellow-fruited one, produces progeny about half of which are red-fruited and half which are yellow fruited. What are the genotypes of the parents?Mendel found that three traits in peas—height, flower color, and pod shape—are determined by different genes, and that these genes assort independently. Suppose that true-bred tall plants with violet flowers and inflated pods are crossed to true-bred dwarf plants with white flower and constricted pods. All the plants in the F1 generation are tall, with violet flowers and inflated pods. If these F1 plants are self-fertilized, what fraction of their offspring are expected to … a.)show all three dominant phenotypes? b.)be tall with white flowers and constricted pods?