levels on an estuary, am creasing river flows, so m 25 hours giving th anto

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Application - Marine Biology
You are studying the impacts of rising sea levels on an estuary, and are modeling how the salinity of a particular area changes with the tidal cycle. The salinity is
also impacted seasonally by snowmelt increasing river flows, so measurements are often taken in early autumn for this particular area. The mixed-tide cycle on this
part of the coast has a period of approximately 25 hours, giving the salinity fluctuation of the estuary a similar cycle. Twenty years ago, the early autumn salinity
was modeled by the function s (t) = 12 sin (25 t) cos(t) +15, where t is in hours and s (t) is the salinity in parts per million (ppm). But you have determined
that the model S (t) = 14 sin (t) cos(t) + 17 more closely fits the current data.
• Graph both s (t) and S (t) using technology. What do you observe about the two functions? How are they the same? How are they different?
• Find both s' (t) and S" (t), describing what differentiation rules you use for each, and showing your process.
• Use technology to determine the values of t for which s (t) and S (t) have horizontal tangents. (Focus on the first period of the graphs, so t < 25.)
• What do you notice about the t values for which the two functions have horizontal tangents?
•
Use these t values, and the graphs of the two salinity functions, to determine the highest and lowest salinity for the estuary using the historical model, and
using the current model.
• What do you notice? How does this relate to what you are studying?
• Graph both derivatives using technology and use these to determine the values of t for which s' (t) and S" (t) have horizontal tangents. (Focus on the first
period of the graphs, so t < 25.)
• What do you notice about the
values for which the two derivatives have horizontal tangents?
• Use technology to find the t value for which the concentration of salinity is most rapidly increasing in both models.
▪ What is the greatest increase rate in each model?
▪ What are the units on the increase rates?
▪ What do you observe about these two increase rates?
Transcribed Image Text:Application - Marine Biology You are studying the impacts of rising sea levels on an estuary, and are modeling how the salinity of a particular area changes with the tidal cycle. The salinity is also impacted seasonally by snowmelt increasing river flows, so measurements are often taken in early autumn for this particular area. The mixed-tide cycle on this part of the coast has a period of approximately 25 hours, giving the salinity fluctuation of the estuary a similar cycle. Twenty years ago, the early autumn salinity was modeled by the function s (t) = 12 sin (25 t) cos(t) +15, where t is in hours and s (t) is the salinity in parts per million (ppm). But you have determined that the model S (t) = 14 sin (t) cos(t) + 17 more closely fits the current data. • Graph both s (t) and S (t) using technology. What do you observe about the two functions? How are they the same? How are they different? • Find both s' (t) and S" (t), describing what differentiation rules you use for each, and showing your process. • Use technology to determine the values of t for which s (t) and S (t) have horizontal tangents. (Focus on the first period of the graphs, so t < 25.) • What do you notice about the t values for which the two functions have horizontal tangents? • Use these t values, and the graphs of the two salinity functions, to determine the highest and lowest salinity for the estuary using the historical model, and using the current model. • What do you notice? How does this relate to what you are studying? • Graph both derivatives using technology and use these to determine the values of t for which s' (t) and S" (t) have horizontal tangents. (Focus on the first period of the graphs, so t < 25.) • What do you notice about the values for which the two derivatives have horizontal tangents? • Use technology to find the t value for which the concentration of salinity is most rapidly increasing in both models. ▪ What is the greatest increase rate in each model? ▪ What are the units on the increase rates? ▪ What do you observe about these two increase rates?
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