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Antibiotics impact negatively the bacterial cell's vital processes and structures.
The bacterium is either killed or its growth is slowed.
Antibiotics are classified as bactericidal or bacteriostatic depending on their effects.
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- What is the spectrum of activity for an antibiotic and why would this be important treating infections? Compare and contrast narrow and broad spectrum antibiotics.A bacterium can protect itself against antibiotics in different ways. Describe 4 fundamentally different mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Discuss if there are any basics differences or similarities between these 4 mechanisms and if so describe these.A bacterium can protect itself against antibiotics in different ways. Describe 4 fundamentally differentmechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Discuss whether there are any basicdifferences or similarities between these 4 mechanisms and, if so, describe them.
- Describe the difference between broad spectrum and narrow spectrum antibiotics. Describe the pros and cons of both types. Give specific examples of each type of antibiotic and tell what it’s mode of action is.List and describe the 4 mechanisms bacterial cells use in order to become antibiotic resistant.Antibiotic resistance can be transferred from one bacterial cell to another. Describe how this process can occur.
- Actinomycin D inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis. Thisantibiotic is added to a bacterial culture where a specific proteinis being monitored. Compared to a control culture, whereno antibiotic is added, translation of the protein declines over a period of 20 minutes, until no further protein is made.Explain these results.What is a relevant biological process that can be used to illustrate the answer to the question: What are the risks associated with antibiotics? i.e. What is the underlying biology that addresses 'What are the risks associated with antibiotics?'Explain how does antibiotic resistance spread and give 3 multi-drug resistance bacteria.
- Think about minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. A set of tubes, all containing the same amount of bacterial cells, have decreasing amount of antibiotic X added to them. Tube 1 had 0mg/ml, Tube 2 has 100mg/ml, tube 3 has 50mg/ml, 4=25, 5=12.5, 6=6.25, and tube 7 has 3.125. If bacteria grew in tubes 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, what is the MIC of this antibiotic for this bacteria? Select one: a.None of the Above b.3.125 mg/ml c.25 mg/ml d.0 mg/ml e.50 mg/mlIn antibiotics, define the terms bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal. What are the mechanism of action and resistance of beta-lactam antibiotic. What are the mechanism of action for one antibiotic effective against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).Why is antibiotic resistance a problem and how can antibiotic resistance be prevented? (List the 7 methods for preventing resistance.)