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- 5. To advertise or not to advertise Suppose that Expresso and Beantown are the only two firms that sell coffee. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn depending on whether or not it advertises:Suppose two companies, Apples and Dell, are a competing duopoly. If both companies charge the high price, they each earn $700 million in economic profit. If both companies charge the low price, they each earn $500 million in economic profit. If one company charges a high price and the other a low price, the company charging the higher price earns $450 million in economic profit and the company charging the lower price earns $800 million in economic profit. 1. What is the Nash equilibrium? Select all possible answers from the answer list. 2. Thinking back to your answer for the Nash equilibrium, can firms do better than the outcome you identified? Explain.Assume the market for a product can be described as a Cournot duopoly with two identical firms. The Nash-equilibrium in this market is that the two firms produce the same quantity. Hence, they will have identical market shares, each will have 50%. Assume that firm 1 decides to invest in a technology that reduces its marginal costs. a) What will happen to the two firms market shares? You must explain how you find the answer. b) What will happen to total production and the price of the product? Again, explain your answer.
- 1. Describe the characteristics of an oligopolistic market and explain whether it is socially efficient or inefficient. 2. What are the pros and cons of cost-benefit analysis in evaluating policy options? 3. What is a Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and the Lerner Index? How are the 2 indices related?4). The following is a payoff matrix showing profit in millions of dollars when two companies simultaneously decide on various advertising budgets ($1 million, $2 million, or $3 million): a. In the first round of strategy elimination (when all three possible budgets are under consideration), which ad budget would the companies exclude? b. After the first round of elimination (previous question), would either company make a second-round elimination? c. What would be the likely outcome of this simultaneous advertising decision (i.e. what ad budget would each company end up choosing)?Discuss the market structure of the industry General Motors and Ford. Is it monopolistically competitive or an oligopoly? Are the main products/services more commoditized, highly differentiated, or blockbuster? How does the market structure affect the ability of the firm to control the prices it charges for its products and for the prices it pays for its inputs? The more a firm can control its prices, the more it can control the income statement and EPS.
- Question 1 Assume the market for a product can be described as a Cournot duopoly with two identical firms. The Nash-equilibrium in this market is that the two firms produce the same quantity. Hence, they will have identical market shares, each will have 50%. Assume that firm 1 decides to invest in a technology that reduces its marginal costs. a) What will happen to the two firms market shares? You must explain how you find the answer. b) What will happen to total production and the price of the product? Again, explain your answer.Q3 The Competition Bureau in Canada wants to increase competition and reduce monopoly power. Thus it it worries about industry concentration Assume that Canada's production of plastic sheds, which we further assume is an oligopoly. Collusive control over the price of plastic sheds in Canada may permit oligopolists in the industry to: Multiple Choice advertise and take advantage of the competitors in the Canadian plastic shed industry. reduce uncertainty, increase profits, and possibly limit entry of new firms in the Canadian plastic shed industry. increase product demand, increase product supply, and lower cost in the Canadian plastic shed industry. achieve economies of scale, reduce costs, and prevent price cheating in the Canadian plastic shed industry. use new technology, achieve economies of scale, and get government subsidies for the Canadian plastic shed industry.Q61 Tha use of cannabis was legalized in Canada in 2017. Assume that the Canadian cannabis sector is an oligopoly producing differentiated products, for example marijuana cigarettes with different levels of THC, the active ingredient. If the four-firm concentration ratio in an oligopolistic ten-firm industry is 40 percent, and each firm has an equal percentage of sales, the Herfindahl index is Multiple Choice 400. 2,000. 800. 4,000. 1,000.
- Suppose, due to a massive global recession, only two local banks survived the recession (SMBank and A&L Bank) with equal market share. SMBank is considering several duopolistic competitive strategies, with respect to their pricing of loans, to increase profits. SM Bank hires you as an intern to evaluate all possible strategies. a) List and describe the nature of all feasible simultaneous move strategies in which SMBank may be engaged, in the context of this example. Be sure to use graphs where applicable.Question 25 Consider two cigarette companies, PM Inc. and Brown Inc. If neither company advertises, the two companies split the market and earn $60 million each. If they both advertise, they again split the market, but profits are lower by $20 million since each company must bear the cost of advertising. Yet, if one company advertises while the other does not, the one that advertises attracts customers from the other. In this case, the company that advertises earns $70 million while the company that does not advertise earns only $30 million. What will these two companies do if they behave as individual profit maximizers? Both companies will advertise. Brown Inc. earns $40. Neither company will advertise. Brown Inc. earns $60. Both companies will advertise. PM Inc. earns $60. One company will advertise, and the other will not. Brown Inc. earns $70.There are two groups of firms below. Group 1: firms in the retail sector (e.g. Amazon; Wal-Mart; Target; Kohl's; Sears; Macy's) Group 2: firms in the wireless services industry (e.g. Verizon; AT & T; Sprint/T-Mobile) (this about telecommunication services, not about the sale of phones) For each group determine and explain if the group is monopolistic competitive or an oligopoly. You need to specific for both in which market structure the firms operate) Then choose one of the firms from one group. Using a Porter's analysis what are the threat to profitability?