can you please give me the solution for 1.31, Thanks engine, or it may and to occurA a system by an is anenergy (heat and work) its its to theovens,and so on, truly fit definition.SIthepereand so on, even though nonesttE1.24 HEAT ENGINESA heat engine is amay receive work from something external and cause cooling tringas in the case of a household refrigerator.An adiabatic surface is one that is impervious to heat. It implies perfect insulatiosA process that occurs within a system enveloped by an adiabatic surface is called125 ADIABATIC SURFACE, PROCESSadiabatic process-there can be no heat flow.Thermodynamics theory is not dependent upon any one system of units. Howevernumerical answers do depend upon the units specified.The three properties of pressure, temperature, and volume were discussed inmuch detail for a good reason. These are properties that may be measured directly:all others are usually implied by them.Most of the problems for this text are in a separate book, Problems onThermodynamics, by Faires, Simmang, and Brewer. For your convenience, theproblems book contains the tables and charts in Appendix B.1.26 CLOSUREMore problems are available in Faires, Simmang, andBrewer, Problems on Thermodynamics, Sixth Edition,published by the Macmillan Publishing Co., which also con-inins for easy reference all the tables and charts in Appendix Bin Thermodynamics, Sixth Edition.(Note: Unless otherwise stated, atmospheric properties, one extensive property, and olepressure should be taken as 14.696 psia or101.325 kPaa and local gravity accelerationas 32.174 fps or 9.806 mps).specific property.1.2 Express your height, mass, andweight (g = 9.70 m/sec) in terms of SI units(m, kg, N).1.3 A mass weighing 25 N is suspendedfrom a cord that can be moved vertically, upor down. What are your conclusions regard-%3D8.LINN 130.1246-m'1.1 A4.535 kg of water vapor at 9.653 MPaa, ing the direction and magnitude of asystemcontainsceleration and velocity of the mass when the

Name: can you please give me the solution for 1.31, Thanks engine, or it may
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Description: can you please give me the solution for 1.31, Thanks engine, or it may and to occurA a system by an is anenergy (heat and work) its its to theovens,and so on, truly fit definition.SIthepereand so on, even though nonesttE1.24 HEAT ENGINESA heat engine

Given : Weight of mass suspended, w = 25 N The cord can be moved up and down.

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(m, kg, N). 1.3 A mass weighing 25 N is suspended from a cord that can be moved vertically, up or down. What are your conclusions regarð ing the direction and magnitude of a celeration and velocity of the mass when tne

(m, kg, N). 1.3 A mass weighing 25 N is suspended from a cord that can be moved vertically, up or down. What are your conclusions regarð ing the direction and magnitude of a celeration and velocity of the mass when tne

University Physics Volume 2

18th Edition

ISBN:9781938168161

Author:OpenStax

Publisher:OpenStax

Chapter4: The Second Law Of Thermodynamics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 41P: A Carnot engine is used to measure the temperature of a heat reservoir. The engine operates between...

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The energy output of a heat pump is greater than the energy used to operate the pump. Why doesn't this statement violate the first law of thermodynamics?
Calculate the net work output of a heat engine following path ABCDA as shown below.
Check Your Understanding Why was it necessary to state that the process of Example 3.5 is quasi-static.
Suppose a Carnot engine can be operated between two reservoirs as either a heat engine or a refrigerator. How is the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator related to the efficiency of the heat engine?
Check Your Understanding What is the efficiency of a perfect heat engine? What is the coefficient of performance of a perfect refrigerator?
A Carnot refrigerator, working between 0 and 30 is used to cool a bucket of water containing 102 m3 of water at 30 to 5 in 2 hours. Find the total amount of work needed.
What is the minimum work required of a refrigerator if it is to extract 50 J per cycle from the inside of a freezer at 10 and exhaust heat to the air at 25 ?
A Carnot engine is used to measure the temperature of a heat reservoir. The engine operates between the heat reservoir and a reservoir consisting of water at its triple point. (a) If 400 J per cycle are removed from the heat reservoir while 200 J per cycle are deposited in the triple-point reservoir, what is the temperature of the heat reservoir? (b) If 400 J per cycle are removed from the triple-point reservoir while 200 J per cycle are deposited in the heat reservoir, what is the temperature of the heat reservoir?
A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 3.0. (a) If it requires 200 J of work per cycle, how much heat per cycle does it remove the cold reservoir? (b) How much cycle is discarded to the hot reservoir?
Suppose a Carnot refrigerator operates between Tc and Th . Calculate the amount of work required to extract 1.0 J of heat from the cold reservoir if (a) Tc=7C,Th=27C; (b) Tc=73C,Th=27C; (c) Tc=173C,Th=27C; and (d) Tc=273C,Th=27C;
The gasoline internal combustion engine operates in a cycle consisting of six parts. Four of these parts involve, among other things, friction, heat exchange through finite temperature differences, and accelerations of the piston; it is irreversible. Nevertheless, it is represented by the ideal reversible Otto cycle, which is illustrated below. The working substance of the cycle is assumed to be air. The six steps of the Otto cycle ale as follows: i. Isobaric intake stroke (OA). A mixture of gasoline and air is drawn into the combustion chamber at atmospheric pressure P0 as the piston expands, increasing the volume of the cylinder from zero to VA . ii. Adiabatic compression stroke (AB). The temperature of the mixture rises as the piston compresses it adiabatically from a volume VA to VB . iii. Ignition at constant volume (BC). The mixture is ignited by a spark. The combustion happens so fast that there is essentially no motion of the piston. During this process, the added heat Q1 causes the pressure to increase from pB to pc at the constant volume VB(=Vc) . iv. Adiabatic expansion (CD). The heated mixture of gasoline and air expands against the piston, increasing the volume from VC to VD . This is called the power stroke, as it is the part of the cycle that delivers most of the power to the crankshaft. v. Constant-volume exhaust (DA). When the exhaust valve opens, some of the combustion products escape. There is almost no movement of the piston during this part of the cycle, so the volume remains constant at VA(=VD) . Most of the available energy is lost here, as represented by the heat exhaust Q2 . vi. Isobaric compression (AO). The exhaust valve remains open, and the compression from VA to zero drives out the remaining combustion products. (a). Using (i)e=W/Q1; (ii)w=Q1Q2; and (iii)Q1=nCv(TCTB),Q2=nCv(TDTA), Show that e=1TDTATCTB. (b). Use the fact that steps (ii) and (iv) are adiabatic to show that e=11r1 where r=VA/VB . The quantity r is called the compression ratio of the engine. (c) In practice, r is kept less than around 7. For larger values, the gasoline-air mixture is compressed to temperatures so high that it explodes before the finely timed spark is delivered. This preignition causes engine knock and loss of power. Show that for r=6 and =1.4 (the value for air), e=0.51 , or an efficiency of 51%. Because of the many irreversible processes, an actual internal combustion engine has an efficiency much less than this ideal value. A typical efficiency for a tuned engine is about 25% to 30%.
Check Your Understanding A Carnot refrigerator operates between two heat reservoirs whose temperatures 0 and 25 . (a) What is the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator? (b) If 200 J of work done on the working substance cycle, how heat per cycle is from cold reservoir? (c) How much heat cycle is discarded to the hot reservoir?