Match the following descriptions with the correct lipid-based compounds: v Cholesterol A. regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism and deposition in bones v Sphingolipids B. prevents the attack of peroxides on unsaturated fatty acids in membrane v Phosphoacylgycerol C. usually found on the cell surface of blood cells for cell recognition v Glycerophospholipids D. building block of complex lipids v Fatty acyls E. serve as storage fat in the liver and muscles v Glycerolipids F. bulky & rigid and fits into membrane lipids disrupting membrane regularity v Gangliosides G. plays a role in vision and the development of nervous system H, involved in metabolism and signalling I. abundant in nervous system J. control cell permeability K. synthesized from isoprene units and used by plants for growth and odor v Terpenes v Vitamin A v Vitamin D v Vitamin E

Match the following descriptions with the correct lipid-based compounds: v Cholesterol A. regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism and deposition in bones v Sphingolipids B. prevents the attack of peroxides on unsaturated fatty acids in membrane v Phosphoacylgycerol C. usually found on the cell surface of blood cells for cell recognition v Glycerophospholipids D. building block of complex lipids v Fatty acyls E. serve as storage fat in the liver and muscles v Glycerolipids F. bulky & rigid and fits into membrane lipids disrupting membrane regularity v Gangliosides G. plays a role in vision and the development of nervous system H, involved in metabolism and signalling I. abundant in nervous system J. control cell permeability K. synthesized from isoprene units and used by plants for growth and odor v Terpenes v Vitamin A v Vitamin D v Vitamin E

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter3: Biological Molecules: The Carbon Compounds Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD

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Match the following descriptions with the correct lipid-based compounds: Cholesterol Sphingolipids Phosphoacylgycerol Glycerophospholipids Fatty acyls…
Which of the statements are true? a. Triacylglycerols (triglycerides) contain ester bonds. b. Unsaturated fats have higher melting points than saturated fats. c. Unsaturated fats are more likely than saturated fats to be liquid at room temperature. d. Triacylglycerols (triglycerides) always contain three identical fatty acids. e. Fats that contain more saturated fatty acid residues than unsaturated fatty acid residues are more likely to be solid at room temperature.
Define the following terms:a. essential fatty acidb. nonessential fatty acidc. omega-3 fatty acidd. omega-6 fatty acide. eicosanoid
Which of these lipids do not contain fatty acids? A) triacylglycerols b) phosphoglycerides c) sphingolipids d) steroids Which of these lipids contains glycerol? A) phosphatidylcholine b) sphingomyelin c) ceramide c) cerebrosides d) phosphatidylcholine Arachadonic acid is the precursor to which class of molecules? A) steroids b) sphingolipids c) eicosanoids d) glycolipids The fatty acid CH3CH2CH=CH(CH2)13COOH, using the ∆- system, would be named ∆ - ? a) 3 b) 4 c) 15 d) 16 The fatty acid CH3CH2CH=CH(CH2)13COOH, using the ω-- system, would be named ω - ? a) 3 b) 4 c) 15 d) 16
(a) Cholesterol is a lipid yet does not form membranes like the membrane lipids and is not used to store energy like the storage lipids. Explain. b) Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids form membranes but triacylglycerols do not. Why? (c) Triacylglycerols are used for long term energy storage but glycogen and starch are used for short term energy storage. Explain
Of the hydrolyzable lipids, which contain ester functional groups? A. Waxes B. Triacylglycerides C. Phospholipids D. Waxes and Triacylglycerides D. Triacylglycerides and Phospholipids E. Waxes, Triacylglycerides and Phospholipids
cephalin phospatidyl ethanolamine Yields 2 fatty acids, phosphoric acid, glycerol, and choline upon hydrolysis Yields 2 fatty acids, phosphoric acid, glycerol, annd serine uponn hydrolysis
What would happen to the functionality of cholic acid if 3 additional hydroxyl groups were added to the side of the molecule that usually has none? (In other words, there would be 6 hydroxyl groups evenly distributed around the molecule. A. There would be more thorough (better) digestion of fats. B. It would mix with the watery phase of chyme. C. It would mix with lipids in the fatty phase of chyme. D. Chemical digestion of lipids would be less effective. E. Both choices A and B are correct. F. Both choices B and D are correct.
Which of the following statements is incorrect? The rigidity of a saturated fatty acid is based on the strong bonding between sp3-hybridized carbon chains. Glycerophospholipids are the most abundant lipids in cellular membranes. In delta notation of fatty acid nomenclature, the numbering starts at the α-carbon from the carboxylic acid end. Hormones, such as testosterone, estradiol and progesterone are examples of steroidal lipids.
Lipids are a group of molecules that can be divided into five major subgroups based on their structure and function in the body. Give the specific name to each of the following lipid subgroups: a.) ___________________________: long chain hydrocarbons with a carboxyl groups, parts of Triglycerides and phospholipids b.) ____________________________: critical mediators of immune response c.) ____________________________: fat and oil in food and body d.) ____________________________: contain lipid hormones and cholesterols e.) ____________________________: major component of cell membranes
TRUE OR FALSE Lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in ether TAG mean triacylglycerol Phospholipids function as membrane lipids TAG contains fatty acids and glycerol Fatty acids contains even number of carbon atoms Saturated fatty acids have low melting points Butyric acid usually comes from coconut oil Unsaturated fatty acids contain single bonds only in their structure Arachidonic acid contains 3 double bonds Theobroma oil is a liquid fat
Ceramide is in which lipid class? A) triacylglycerols b) phospholipids c) glycolipids d) sphingolipids The precursor molecule to triacylglycerols and phosphoglycerols is: a) sphingosine b) ceramide c) phosphatidate d) arachidonic acid Which of these is NOT found in phosphatidyl choline? A) glycerol b) fatty acids c) inositol d) phosphate Which of these is NOT found in sphingomyelin? Phosphate b) choline c) fatty acids d) glycerol Inositol is made from: a) short chain fatty acids b) glycerol c) glucose d) choline