Microbiologists debate the use of biochemical similarities and cell features as a way of determining the taxonomic relationships among prokaryotes. Explain why some microbiologists believe these similarities and differences are a powerful taxonomic indicator, whereas others think they are not very useful for that purpose.
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Microbiologists debate the use of biochemical similarities and cell features as a way of determining the taxonomic relationships among prokaryotes. Explain why some microbiologists believe these similarities and differences are a powerful taxonomic indicator, whereas others think they are not very useful for that purpose.
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- Microbiologists have announced the discovery of over 30 new species of bacteria that thrive between the teeth and gums of humans. The bacteria could not be grown in the researcher's laboratories, nor were any of them ever observed via and kind of microscopy. If they couldn't culture them or see them, how could the researchers know they discovered a new species? If they couldn't examine the cells for the presence of a nucleus, how did they determine that the organisms were prokaryotes and not eukaryotes?Under ideal conditions, prokaryotes are capable of reproducing at a(n) ______ rate. arithmetric infinite hypergeometric exponentialThe unicellular, rod-shaped bacterium E. coli is~2 μm long and 0.8 μm wide, and has a genomeconsisting of a single 4.6 Mb circular DNA molecule. The unicellular archaean Methanosarcinaacetivorans is spherical (coccus-shaped) with adiameter of 3 μm and has a 5.7 Mb circular genome.The unicellular eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiaeis roughly spherical, with a diameter of 5–10 μm.It has a haploid genome of 12 Mb divided among16 linear chromosomes. Given these descriptions,how could you determine whether a new, uncharacterized microorganism was a bacterium, an archaean,or a eukaryote?
- Raw red alga of the genus Porphyra is part of a traditionalJapanese diet. This alga is rich in porphyran, a polysaccharide that human digestive enzymes cannot break down. Marine bacteria that live on the alga produce a porphyran-digesting enzyme. In Japan, a homologousenzyme is common in one species of intestinal bacteria. Outside of Japan, people have the same species of intestinal bacteria, but they do not have the gene for the porphyran-digesting enzyme. The marine bacteria andthe intestinal bacteria are not close relatives, so they mostlikely did not inherit the enzyme from a shared ancestor.Propose a scenario to explain the observed distributionof the enzyme.Pseudopeptidoglycan is a characteristic of the walls of. eukaryotic cells bacterial prokaryotic cells archaean prokaryotic cells bacterial and archaean prokaryotic cellsComparing and Contrasting Bacterial Shapes The bacillus (rod-shaped), spirillum (corkscrew-shaped), and coccus (round). Describe the difference between these bacteria, and compare them to one another and to the Anabaena. What do the three shapes of the bacteria represent the separate taxonomic groups? What is the ecological and economic importance of these bacteria? Are all bacteria harmful?
- Pseudopeptidoglycan is a characteristic of the walls of ________. a. eukaryotic cells b. bacterial prokaryotic cells c. archaean prokaryotic cells d. bacterial and archaean prokaryotic cellsDNA replication is critical to the growth of microbes. describe themechanism used by prokaryotes to duplicate their DNAMulticellular organisms with a true nucleus, ester-linked fatty acids in their G-3-P cell membranes, histone proteins, and cell walls with a high cellulose content (above 20%), but no collagen, must be: members of kingdom Archaeobacteria members of kingdom Eubacteria members of kingdom Animalia members of kingdom Plantae members of kingdom Fungi
- The antibiotic kanamycin binds to the small ribosomal subunit of bacteria and interferes with protein synthesis, and the diphtheria toxin binds to the eukaryotic elongation factor EF2 and prevents translocation of the ribosome during protein synthesis. Suppose that an archaeobacterial infection is detected in a person. Could kanamycin and diphtheria toxin be used for treatment of the infection? Why?Is the genome shown here from a prokaryote or a eukaryote? Prokaryote There is not enough information to decide Eukaryote ArchaeaIf you wanted to genetically engineer higher metabolic production of a target end product 'X', how would you do this?how would your approach differ in prokaryotes versus eukaryotes ?