N = R, × fp × Ne × fi × fi × f. ×L where... R* is the average rate of star formation per year in our galaxy N is the number of civilizations in our galaxy with which communication is possible f, is the fraction of those stars with planets fi is the fraction of those planets (from Ne) that succeed in developing life Fe is the fraction of those planets (from fi) with intelligent life that develop interstellar communication Ne is the average number of those planets that may develop an ecosystem F, is the fraction of those planets (from Fi) with life that develop intelligent life Lis the average length of time such civilizations survive and continue to send communications Below is Table 1 with several sets of values for each of the variables in the Drake Equation. Using each set of estimated variables, calculate N, the number of civilizations within our galaxy with which, communication could conceivably be possible. Note that all of the f variables are fractions and thus represent percentages. For example, 0.5 means 50%. Drake's Values (1961) Astronomical Society of the Pacific (2011) Variable R, = average rate of suitable star formation (star/year) fn = fraction of suitable stars with 10 1 0.5 0.4 planets Ne = average number of planets that may develop ecosystems, per star that has planets fi = fraction of planets with ecosystems that develop life fi= fraction of planets with life that develop intelligent life fc= fraction of planet with intelligent life that develop interstellar communication L= average length of time a civilization survives and can communicate N = number of civilizations within our 0.5– 2 (this is a range, use a value of 0.75) 2 1 1 0.01 1 0.01 0.7 10,000 10, 000 ? ? galaxy with which communication is possible Here's a fun thought: There are two 'populateď planets in our solar system. One (Earth) is populated by (question 5) (question 6) humans (or bipedal primates if you prefer) who learned to make robots, and the other (Mars) by robots made by the humans on the first planet.
N = R, × fp × Ne × fi × fi × f. ×L where... R* is the average rate of star formation per year in our galaxy N is the number of civilizations in our galaxy with which communication is possible f, is the fraction of those stars with planets fi is the fraction of those planets (from Ne) that succeed in developing life Fe is the fraction of those planets (from fi) with intelligent life that develop interstellar communication Ne is the average number of those planets that may develop an ecosystem F, is the fraction of those planets (from Fi) with life that develop intelligent life Lis the average length of time such civilizations survive and continue to send communications Below is Table 1 with several sets of values for each of the variables in the Drake Equation. Using each set of estimated variables, calculate N, the number of civilizations within our galaxy with which, communication could conceivably be possible. Note that all of the f variables are fractions and thus represent percentages. For example, 0.5 means 50%. Drake's Values (1961) Astronomical Society of the Pacific (2011) Variable R, = average rate of suitable star formation (star/year) fn = fraction of suitable stars with 10 1 0.5 0.4 planets Ne = average number of planets that may develop ecosystems, per star that has planets fi = fraction of planets with ecosystems that develop life fi= fraction of planets with life that develop intelligent life fc= fraction of planet with intelligent life that develop interstellar communication L= average length of time a civilization survives and can communicate N = number of civilizations within our 0.5– 2 (this is a range, use a value of 0.75) 2 1 1 0.01 1 0.01 0.7 10,000 10, 000 ? ? galaxy with which communication is possible Here's a fun thought: There are two 'populateď planets in our solar system. One (Earth) is populated by (question 5) (question 6) humans (or bipedal primates if you prefer) who learned to make robots, and the other (Mars) by robots made by the humans on the first planet.
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Chapter1: The Study Of Minerals
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1LR
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can i get help with the questions attached below questions 5 and 6.
Transcribed Image Text:N = R, × f, × N, × f, ×f; ׃. x L
where...
R* is the average rate of star formation per year in
our galaxy
N is the number of civilizations in our galaxy with
which communication is possible
f, is the fraction of those stars with planets
f is the fraction of those planets (from Ne) that
succeed in developing life
Fe is the fraction of those planets (from f;) with
intelligent life that develop interstellar
communication
Ne is the average number of those planets that may
develop an ecosystem
F, is the fraction of those planets (from Fi) with life
that develop intelligent life
Lis the average length of time such civilizations
survive and continue to send communications
Below is Table 1 with several sets of values for each of the variables in the Drake Equation. Using each set of
estimated variables, calculate N, the number of civilizations within our galaxy with which, communication could
conceivably be possible. Note that all of the f variables are fractions and thus represent percentages. For
example, 0.5 means 50%.
Variable
Drake's Values (1961)
Astronomical Society
of the Pacific (2011)
R, = average rate of suitable star
formation (star/year)
10
1
= fraction of suitable stars with
0.5
0.4
planets
Ne = average number of planets that
may develop ecosystems, per star that
has planets
fi = fraction of planets with ecosystems
that develop life
fi = fraction of planets with life that
develop intelligent life
f.= fraction of planet with intelligent life
that develop interstellar communication
L= average length of time a civilization
0.5- 2 (this is a range,
use a value of 0.75)
2
1
0.01
1
%3D
0.01
0.7
%3D
10,000
10, 000
survives and can communicate
N = number of civilizations within our
?
?
galaxy with which communi
possible
Here's a fun thought: There are two 'populateď planets in our solar system. One (Earth) is populated by
ion is
(question 5)
(question 6)
humans (or bipedal primates if you prefer) who learned to make robots, and the other (Mars) by robots made
by the humans on the first planet.
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