n2 n1
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Optical fibers are constructed with a cylindrical core surrounded by a sheath of cladding material. Common materials used are pure silica (n2 = 1.450) for the cladding and silica doped with germanium (n1 = 1.465) for the core. (a) What is the critical angle θcrit for light traveling in the core and reflecting at the interface with the cladding material? (b) The numerical aperture (NA) is defined as the angle of incidence θi at the flat end of the cable for which light is incident on the core–cladding interface at angle θcrit. Show that sin θi = √(n21 - n22) . (c) What is the value of θi for n1 = 1.465 and n2 = 1.450?
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