NAME THE CHEMICALS INVOLVED BOTH IN SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM EXPLAIN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISM OF BOTH SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
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NAME THE CHEMICALS INVOLVED BOTH IN SYMPATHETIC AND
PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
EXPLAIN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISM OF BOTH
SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
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- Explain IN DETAIL the processes of synaptic transmission and summation, including the roles of calcium ions, neurotransmitters, degradation enzymes, graded potentials, EPSPs and IPSPs, and various types of cellular connections (axoaxonal, axodendritic, axosomatic, etc.) Include a description of how temporal and spatial summation affect the outcome of the summation processAutnomic nervous system use arrows to show whether parasympathetic (p) or syspathic (s) fibers stimulate or inhibit or a dash for no parasympathetic interaction for each of the following construction of blood vessels of skin and abdominal viscera 2, salivation and digestive organ contractions 3,Erection or engorgement of genitalia 4, dilation of bronchioles for easier breathing 5, contraction of bladder and relaxation 6,contractions of arrector pill of hair arrector pill of hair follicles causing goose bumps 7,increase in blood glucose level by pancreatic serection coling with stress fight or fight responseContrast the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of theautonomic nervous system; mention at least four characteristics of each?
- Draw a chain of two neurons that synapse on one another in sequence. Label the presynaptic and postsynaptic ends of each neuron, the cell bodies, dendrites, axons, axon hillock and axon terminals, location of voltage gated Ca²+ channels, location of voltage gated Na+ channels, location of voltage gated K* channels, location of Na*/ K+ pumps, location of neurotransmitter storage, location of neurotransmitter receptors. Consider your drawing and describe the function of neurons. Include an explanation why neurons are considered polarized cells and how this relates to their function. (Polarized here is not referring to membrane potential as all cells have a membrane potential). This means you will need to explain the location of different channels in the neuron and the relationship of the channels to the function of a neuron.Describe which neurotransmitters and receptors are involved in the various switches (synapses) in the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous systemDraw a presynaptic and postsynaptic neuron at to demonstrate the release and acceptance of a neurotransmitter. Identify the following in your drawing: Ca2+, synaptic cleft, receptor, synaptic vessicle, SNARE, presynaptic neuron, postsynaptic neuron
- Describe the structural and functional differencesbetween the somatic nervous system and the ANSWhat effect would you expect an antagonist that targets the voltage sensing domain of perisynaptic calcium channels of an inhibitory interneuron have on the firing frequency of a finically active neuron that interneuron synapses onto? Explain in detailsExplain the following mechanisms: 1. list three ways in which action potential can be initiated in neurons. 2.list the major classes of neurotransmitters and give examples of each . 3. list the functions of the hypothalamus and discuss how they relate to homeostatic control.
- Compare and contrast the structure and function of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems, including sites of motor neuron synapses in the CNS, motor neuron differences, efferent pathways, control, function, neurotransmitters and their effects on target organs, target organs, and the effects of denervation.Classify the following characteristics to demonstrate your knowledge of differences between the autonomic and somatic divisions of the nervous system. Neurons release acetylcholine that binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors located on the effector organs Can lead to excitation or inhibition of the Neurons are also called motor neurons effectors Receptors on effector organs are also responsive to epinephrine that is released into the blood by the adrenal medulla Innervates smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, and Gl neurons Neurons release norepinephrine that binds to adrenergic receptors located on the effector organs Has two-neuron chain between the CNS Single neuron between the CNS and effectors Neurons release acetylcholine that binds to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors located on the effector organs and effectors Can lead only to excitation of the effectors Activates skeletal muscles Autonomic Nervous System Somatic Nervous SystemDescribe in detail the three types of potentials seen in neurons and functions of three types of potentials.