Name the three main stages of pre-mRNA processing. Explain the importance of each of the stages of pre-mRNA processing.

Q: Using the graph, write a brief paragraph comparing the similarities and differences in the three…

A: Lactose Tolerance: A person's capacity to digest lactose, a carbohydrate present in milk as well as…

Q: The operator of the lac operon is upstream of the gene that codes for enzymes. What does upstream…

A: Lac operon: The lac operon is a genetic regulatory system found in bacteria that controls the…

Q: TAQ 5: Assessment criteria 3.1 Describe the changes that occur in the organs of the foetus during…

A: Introduction: A fetus is a developing human organism that is still in the womb of its mother. The…

Q: explain in deails how bacteria help with nutritent cycle in general  2. explain the types of…

A: Introduction: Nutrient cycling is the process by which nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen,…

Q: Which enzymes directly scavenge ROS by having an ROS as a substrate? Thiol reductase Glutathione…

A: The three main reactive  Oxygen species are- superoxide anion (O2•‒), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and…

Q: Which of the following statements is true about people affected by alkaptonuria? a) They naturally…

A: Alkaptonuria: Alkaptonuria is a rare genetic disorder that affects the metabolism of the amino acids…

Q: What would be the effect on ATP and NADH production (how many ATP and NADH could be produced from…

A: Pyruvate is a molecule that is produced during glycolysis, the initial stage of cellular…

Q: Why is knowing the KD of a hormone / receptor complex important?

A: A receptor complex refers to a group of proteins that interact with hormones or other signaling…

Q: Define the following term (in relation to enzymes) Products?

A: An enzyme is a type of protein that acts as a biological catalyst, meaning it speeds up chemical…

Q: describe the structure of fasciala hepatica egg and adult  and also describe a simple method used to…

A: The parasitic trematode Fasciola hepatica, commonly called as the common liver fluke or sheep liver…

Q: The motion of these muscles causes waves of contraction to move down the length of the small…

A: The small intestine is a long tubular organ of the digestive system that aids in the absorption of…

Q: What are the reasons why there needs to be more than 10 cycles in the PCR process? Name 3 reasons.

A: DNA sequences can be amplified in vitro using the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method. A…

Q: Explain the clonal selection hypothesis.

A: Clonal selection theory is proposed by Frank Macfarlane Burnet.

Q: Large international variations in rates of communicable diseases, undernutrition, and maternal and…

A: Introduction :  Pathogens are microscopic organisms that cause diseases in humans and kther…

Q: What are some common pathogenicities between bacteria, fungi, and viruses? Do they have similar…

A: Bacteria, fungi, and viruses are three types of microorganisms that can cause infections in humans…

Q: After getting her finger caught in a drawer, Ruth holds her finger tightly, and this seems to reduce…

A: We feel pain as a protective mechanism that alerts us to potential or actual tissue damage. When the…

Q: Members of Domain Archaea live in conditions similar to primitive Earth (harsh conditions). True…

A: Introduction :The oldest known living things on earth are archaebacteria. They are categorised as…

Q: TRUE OR FALSE: Gene frequency is the percentage of a population that carries a particular allele…

A: Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ( HWE) states that genes as well as genotype frequency remain constant…

Q: In eukaryotes, introns are removed before mRNA leaves the nucleus because O a) they prevent the…

A: Splicing: Splicing is the process of removing introns and joining together exons to create a mature…

Q: Keeping a dietary journal can have both positive and negative effects. Explain two of each.

A: Introduction :- A diet refers to the specific foods and drinks that a person consumes regularly to…

Q: b) A synacthen (Synthetic ACTH) stimulation test was performed on the patient with suspected…

A: Introduction:  Two tiny, triangular-shaped glands called adrenals are found above each kidney in the…

Q: What material would normally be found moving through the lumen of the small intestine?

A: Introduction :  Small intestine is highly coiled organ of the digestive system. It is having three…

Q: From the list below, select all the examples that of defense that ARE NOT considered part of the…

A: Hypersensitive Response: The hypersensitive response (HR) is a plant defense mechanism that involves…

Q: If an ion has the same concentration on both sides of the membrane, then Eion will be: O Positive O…

A: The equilibrium potential for an ion is the electrical potential at which the electrical gradient…

Q: FST = 1 - (H₂/Ht), where H, = He averaged over subpopulations and Ht = H₂ if all samples came from…

A: Heterozygosity is the frequency of heterozygous genotypes in a population. According to Hardy…

Q: The sequence of a fragment of one strand of DNA is ACCGTCCATCGCATA. Transcribe this sequence into…

A: Introduction :- Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template. During…

Q: The “Renal Vein” cup contains now contains “clean” blood. After reabsorption has occurred, what…

A: The kidneys are a vital part of the urinary system, responsible for filtering and removing excess…

Q: During the cell cycle there are three checkpoints. Match each description with the correct…

A: Eukaryotic cell division follows a cyclical events that is known as cell cycle and it is consist of…

Q: The amino acids in a normal polypeptide chain are proline, arginine, aspartic acid, lysine, and…

A: The DNA sequence of a gene is altered to generate a different result, which is known as a genetic…

Q: All nucleotide monomers contain: Select all that apply. Group of answer choices a nitrogenous…

A: INTRODUCTION Nucleotide It is an organic molecule contain nitrogen base, sugar and a phospate…

Q: In the isolation of DNA, what is the role of chloroform? choose the best asnswer -Precipitate rna…

A: DNA extraction is the process of isolating DNA from the cells of an organism isolated from a sample,…

Q: Create a schematic diagram of the experimental procedure down below

A: Chlorophyll is the pigment contained in special membrane-enclosed organelles called "chloroplasts"…

Q: etry experiment were SYTO9 and Propidium Iodide. create a plot that represents a control population…

A: Flow cytometry is a single cell or particle analysis technique when suspended in an uniform…

Q: What are the reasons why there needs to be more than 10 cycles in the PCR process? Name 2 reasons.

A: PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a technique used to amplify DNA sequences in vitro. The process…

Q: Name one matrix molecule other than aggrecan that could be detected by the 2B6 antibody following…

A: After Chondroitinase ABC digestion, the 286 antibody could recognize the matrix protein versican.…

Q: 3. Food Web: • A food web that shows the impact made if one species' population was to change. For…

A: Each biome is important as it provides a range of ecological services that sustain life on Earth,…

Q: In the following diagram of a black bread mold (Rhizopus stolonifer), identify the following…

A: Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. They…

Q: A cross is performed between a pure-breeding pea plant with round and yellow seeds and a…

A: Mendel's law of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment was developed by Gregor Mendel.…

Q: This map shows the range of five different bird species in North America based on data collected…

A: Birds can compete if their ranges overlap, as they may compete for resources such as food, nesting…

Q: During meiosis, when crossing-over occurs between two homologous chromosomes, it does not happen at…

A: Introduction :  A single cell divides twice to form four cells during the meiosis process. The…

Q: A cross is performed between a pure-breeding pea plant with round and yellow seeds and a…

A: Mendel's law of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment was developed by Gregor Mendel.…

Q: What are some common pathogenicities between bacteria, fungi, and viruses? Do they have similar…

A: Microorganisms that can cause infections in humans and other organisms include bacteria, fungi, and…

Q: Which of the following cannot usually be inserted into a vector to form a recombinant DNA?

A: a vector is a DNA molecule that is used as a vehicle to transfer foreign genetic material into a…

Q: PRE-LAB QUESTIONS 1. Compare and contrast diffusion and osmosis. 2. Draw a picture of a cell in…

A: Tonicity: Tonicity refers to the ability of a solution to cause a cell to either swell or shrink.…

Q: How were you able to find the 4,8 10,8 in the linkage groups? Can you elaborate on more how you got…

A: Studying linkage, we can find about allele identity between loci is associated or not; allele…

Q: True or false The disruption of the beta-lactamase gene causes resistance to the antibiotic…

A: Beta-lactamases: Beta-lactamases are enzymes that can break down the beta-lactam ring, a structural…

Q: How do psychedelic drugs differ in their psychological/subjective effects?

A: Psychedelic drugs are a class of psychoactive substances that produce profound alterations in…

Q: EcoRI recognizes G A-A-T-T-C sequence and cleave/ cut between G and A. How will the DNA fragments…

A: Introduction: Finding the A, C, G, and T bases in a DNA molecule's nucleotide sequence is known as…

Q: 1. All of the following statements are true of active transport across membranes except: a. It has…

A: A photosystem is a complex of proteins and pigments that is involved in the light-dependent…

Q: TRUE OR FALSE: Evidence of small-scale evolutionary changes is directly observed in an organism with…

A: Small-scale evolutionary changes refer to changes that occur within a population over a relatively…

Bacterial Genomics

The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.

Transformation Experiment in Bacteria

In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.

Plasmids and Vectors

The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.