of the choices, which cells stimulate directly B cells to divide and produce antibodies? a. mast cells b. marcophages c. Nk cells d. TH cells

Q: How does HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) lead to AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)/lead…

A: Human immunodeficiency viruses causes AIDS.This is the condition where gradual failure of immune…

Q: Compare and contrast cytotoxic T cells and NK cells?

A: Both cytotoxic cells and NK cells are capable of killing foreign pathogens and also cancer cells but…

Q: Vaccines are biological preparations that establishes or improves immunity to a particular disease.…

A: Vaccines are biological preparation that provides acquired immunity. It mainly used to treat…

Q: A person shows unwelcome immunogenic reactions while exposed to certain substances.(a) Name this…

A: An immune response is a reaction that occurs within the body for the purpose of defending against…

Q: Choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the statement. In what process is…

A: The immune system of the body protects the individual from the attack of external pathogens. The…

Q: Enlist point in tabular form: What is the difference between Innate and acquired immunity.

A: Answer: Introduction: The immune system of body replies to pathogens or antigens by forming…

Q: The immune system of a person is supressed. He was found positive for a pathogen in the diagnostic…

A: ELISA refers to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It is a plate-based assay technique and is…

Q: Antibody production takes place ina. T cells.b. natural killer cells.c. B cells.d. mast cells.

A: Immunology is the branch of science which deals with the study of the immune system, immune response…

Q: Which is an autoimmune disease? A. Graves disease B. HIV disease C. HIV disease, type-1 diabetes,…

A: Autoimmune disease is a condition where immune system attacks our own body by mistake.In normal…

Q: Phagocytes move through capillary walls by squeezing between adjacent endothelial cells, a process…

A: Answer is a.)  diapedesis.

Q: Which of the following is a function of cytokines? A. Promote antibody invaders. B. Help T cells…

A: Cytokines : These are small proteins which are crucial in controlling the growth and activity of…

Q: When we get sick we trust our immune system to protect us, but what happens when that system goes…

A: The fundamental elements of the immune system are white blood cells, antibodies, the complement…

Q: Select the correct answer from the answers provided. What is the purpose of an adjuvant? a. to kill…

A: The substances that enhances the response of the immune system to an antigen. They are injected…

Q: How might antibodies be used to activate B cells?

A: B cells also known as B lymphocytes are type of white blood cells and functions in humoral immunity…

Q: __________________ is a condition that results when cytotoxic T cells attack the body’s own cells.a.…

A: Cytotoxic T cells are T cell also known cytotoxic T lymphocytes that kills  virus-infected cells,…

Q: Which event happens last in a humoral immune response? 1) CD4 T cell activation 2) presentation of…

A: The correct option is (d) the production of antibodies.

Q: The main effect of staphylococcal protein A is toa) interfere with phagocytosis.b) enhance the…

A: Answer is b.) enhance the attachment of the Fc portion of antibody to phagocytes.

Q: Which DOES NOT describe monoclonal antibodies? Group of answer choices a. Monoclonal antibodies are…

A: Monoclonal antibodies are made by using identical immune cells that are all clones of a specific…

Q: match the cytokine with its description. 1.Interleukin-1 2.Interleukin-2 3.Interleukin-12   a.…

A: Interleukins (IL) are chemical substances that play a vital role in varied rules of the immune…

Q: HIV causes immunodeficiency by attackinga. memory B cells. c. plasma cells.b. helper T cells. d.…

A: HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Viruses are types of Lentivirus that infect Humans. Here we will see…

Q: Antibodies are made from_____________ cells.

A: Antibodies are protein immunoglobin made within body as an immune response towards an certain…

Q: ____________ are suspensions of killed or live germs which is employed to induce the production of…

A: Among the given options, option (a) is the most appropriate.It explains that the vaccines are…

Q: Choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the statement.…

A: Ans: Monocytes: These are the type of leukocyte or also referred to as white blood cell. They form…

Q: Which condition is not an autoimmune disease?a. multiple sclerosis c. systemic lupus erythematosisb.…

A: The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from foreign pathogens. Immune system fight…

Q: If you could design a drug that increases extravasation at the endothelium, what is the most likely…

A: The leakage of blood, lymph, or other fluid, such as an anticancer drug, from a blood vessel or tube…

Q: 2) Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to: (Choose all that apply) а. B cells b. T cells Macrophages…

A: The stem cells that give rise to other blood cells are known as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).…

Q: a. Explain why most immune reactions result in a polyclonalcollection of antibodies.b. How do…

A: A tool that recognizing, locating, or identifying antigens to destroy is called as antibodies. The…

Q: Which cells produce antibodies? a. Neutrophils. b. Dendritic cells. c. Cytotoxic T cells. d.…

A: In immunology, white blood cells or leukocytes can be further categorized into lymphocytes,…

Q: Which are important in nonspecific immune defenses? a. interferons b. lymphocyte activation c.…

A: The immune system is an organ system of the body that is functionally responsible for protecting the…

Q: Suppose a person recovers normally from viral infections, but then gets the same viral infections…

A: The B-lymphocytes or the B-cell and the the T-lymphocytes are t-cells are very important for the the…

Q: Microb Explain how CB8 T cells, CD4 T cells and B cells work together in the lymphoid tissues.

A: The type of cytotoxic T-cell expresses the CD8 co-receptor and is generated into thymus. These plays…

Q: B cells are responsible for which conditions?a. asthma b. anaphylaxis c. tuberculin reactions d.…

A: BASIC INFORMATION B- cells They are basically the B lymphocytes. They release Immunoglobulin which…

Q: Determined the fate of cell injury ? Select one: a. reversible b. cell death  c. All  d. necrosis

A: The cell is the structural and functional unit of life. All living organisms are composed of…

Q: What is the difference between Humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

A: Immunity is to protect our body from the foreign pathogen.

Q: Which are phagocytes in liver ? (A) Kupffer cells (B) Aciner cells (C) Diter cells (D) Hensen's…

A: Introduction - Neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) are phagocytes with the ability…

Q: Explain Which Enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of a specific protein is called…

A: The body's operation is extremely complicated. Different organ systems are important in sustaining…

Q: Which statement describes a limitation of T-cell receptors (TCRs) compared to B-cell receptors…

A: Membrane-bound immunoglobulin on the B-cell surface serves as the cell's receptor for antigen and is…

Q: A person with AIDS is likely to develop infectious diseases because the virus that causes AIDS…

A: HIV (Human immunodeficient virus) is an RNA virus belonging to the retrovirus group. The virus…

Q: Which part of the immune system does not target specific new variants of the COVID 19 invaders? A)…

A: It can be defined as a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and tolerate…

Q: Why is the fact that the patient has no spleen important? A. The spleen is the site of B cell…

A: Spleen is a highly vascular ductless organ that is located in the left abdominal region near the…

Q: What is the purpose of an adjuvant?a. to kill the microbeb. to stop allergic reactionsc. to improve…

A: Immunity can be defined as the capacity of the body of organisms to fight against harmful pathogens.…

Q: Why are most unimmunized children protected against diseases such as measles?Choose one: A.  They…

A: Immunization is the process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease,…

Q: If the patient's mother had previously vaccinated her son against chickenpox, what form of immunity…

A: Immunity is the ability of the body to fight against different microorganism. They are of 2 types -…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.