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Q: Dimethyl ether has the same molecular formula as ethanol (Problem 4.57) but very different propertie...

A: Dimethyl ether and ethanol both have same molecular formula but have different physical and biologic...

Q: Salt Concentration (%) Transmittance (%) 0 77.23 3 79.23 6 80.39 9 82.71...

A: In a scientific experiment, a dependent variable is one that is being tested or measured and relies ...

Q: 4 CRITICAL THỊNKING: Apply Is the relative humidity at a location likely to be higher in the early m...

A: A procedure for calculating humidity involves an understanding of the relation between temperature a...

Q: Shown is a representation of a DNA molecule being transcribed.(a) Identify every 3′ end and every 5′...

A: Transcription is the process in which the codes in DNA are transcribed to mRNA. This helps to achiev...

Q: Explain how second messenger molecules work. Why use a second messenger rather than simply relying o...

A: Second messengers are tiny molecules or ions, which relay signals received by cell-surface receptors...

Q: Arrange these four molecules in increasing order of their biological energy content per mole:(a) Man...

A: Biomolecule or biological molecules are the molecules that are produced by the cells and living orga...

Q: Give IUPAC names for the five isomers with the formula C6H14.

A: Isomers are different compounds that have the same molecular formula but the atoms are attached in d...

Q: write chemical equation showing the breakdown of lactose. above the arrow indicate the enzyme that c...

A: Introduction: A sugar made out of galactose and glucose subunits is lactose and has the molecular fo...

Q: Explain the process of transcription, and write complementary strands through mRNA.

A: Transcription is a process that happens in the nucleus. DNA is used as a template to secure an mRNA ...

Q: If you were to determine the P/O ratio for oxidation of a-ketoglu- tarate, you would probably includ...

A: During the oxidation of α-ketoglutarate, some malonate may be added to block succinate dehydrogenase...

Q: What are the functional groups in biological macromolecules that contribute to ionic bonding interac...

A: The functional groups contain specific atoms that are involved in participating in a chemical reacti...

Q: Carbon dioxide is dissolved in blood (pH 7.4) to form a mixture of carbonicacid and bicarbonate. Neg...

A: The mixture is consist of carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate ion (HCO3-). This represents a mixtu...

Q: Write the enzymatic steps that describe the production of carbamoyl aspar- tate. Provide the names o...

A: Pyrimidine biosynthesis refers to the de novo synthesis pathway that comprises six-step reactions. I...

Q: Briefly illustrate the role of hemoglobin as a buffer.

A: The red protein, which is present in the red blood cells, is called haemoglobin. It helps to transpo...

Q: Define the following terms:(a) Chiral (b) Achiral(c) Chiral carbon (d) Enantiomer

A: Stereoisomerism is a form of isomerism in which molecules have the same molecular formula and sequen...

Q: Describe how the body synthesizes new molecules from glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids?

A: Glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids are the sources of energy for the body. Cellular respiration i...

Q: 1) a) Draw arrows to indicate which direction Na+ vs K+ions will tend to move.(into vsout of the cel...

A: Hi! Thanks for your question. As you have posted multiple questions and have not mentioned which one...

Q: . Provide an explanation for the fact that a-D-mannose is more stable than B-D-mannose, whereas the ...

A: Anomers are diastereomers that differ only at the hemiacetal or acetal carbon. The hemiacetal or ace...

Q: What is the relationship between x-d-glucose or β-d-glucose? Are they mirror images?

A: Glucose is a sugar (monosaccharide) It possesses 3 carbon atoms and 1 aldehyde group. Therefore it i...

Q: Write the full names of dUMP, UMP, CDP, AMP, and ATP.

A: The given molecules are the components of the nucleotides. 

Q: Given what you know about the involvement of nicotinamide nucleotides in oxidative and reductive met...

A: The nicotinamide nucleotides are involved in respiration as the electron donor. It is not only the f...

Q: Just to let you know, it's one question but different parts.  Thank you!

A: The quantity of energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1 g of any substance by 1oC is called s...

Q: 18. The energy in

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any s...

Q: Which enzymes are present in saliva? Explain all in detail

A: The saliva is a viscid, watery fluid that is secreted from the salivary glands. In humans, the saliv...

Q: How does blue light trigger stomatal opening?

A: Plants are non-motile living beings that are capable of producing their own food by utilizing the su...

Q: Which plants expend more energy per molecule of glucose produced, C3 or C4?

A: C3, C4, and CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) pathways are three types of metabolic pathways of car...

Q: Why is more than one replication fork needed when human DNA is duplicated?

A: The replication of DNA is the process by which copies of DNA are made when a cell divides. During ce...

Q: Explain the vitro fertilization for genetic diseases.

A: Reproductive experts have approached a combination of in vitro fertilization with preimplantation ge...

Q: Is a hormone changed as a result of binding to a receptor? Is the receptor changed as a result of bi...

A: Hormones are the biochemical process that acts as a chemical messenger where it produced from one pa...

Q: Write down the composition of tears.which enzymes are present in tears? What is the role of this enz...

A: Tears is the clear liquid which is secreted by the lacrimal glands found in the eyes of all land ani...

Q: Define the following terms: a. sugar b. glucose c. monosaccharide d. polysaccharide e. cellulose

A: Carbohydrates or sugar are the main biomolecules nutrient in food. Carbohydrates are divided into 5 ...

Q: Describe the methods used to identify the location of transcription-control elements in promoter-pro...

A: Transcriptional control elements are the sequence of nucleotides in a gene that is involved in the c...

Q: Water has some very unusual properties. These properties occur because of thea. hydrogen bonds betwe...

A: There are four types of bonds that are involved in different molecules. These bonds are ionic bonds,...

Q: Explain the comparison of a triacylglycerol, a phosphoacylglycerol, and a sphingomyelin ?

A: Lipids  include fats, oil, waxy like substances. They are non-polar and hydrophobic in nature Lipid...

Q: Why do you suppose individuals with diabetes must receive insulin subcutaneously by injection rather...

A: Diabetes : Diabetes is a disease that occurs when your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is to...

Q: With what class of enzymes are the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD associated?

A: Coenzymes are considered the organic molecule, which is a non-protein that is able to catalyze the c...

Q: Describe three possible selective factors underlying theevolution of large brains in our ancestors

A: The most complicated part of the body is the brain which is a three-pound organ. It will help to con...

Q: What types of substances diffuse freely across a biological membrane?

A: Introduction: The biological membrane provides structure to the cell and performs various functions ...

Q: The _____________ is the region between the outer membrane and inner membrane of Gramnegative bacter...

A: Gram-negative bacteria are those, which are not considered to take the strain during gram staining. 

Q: What is the metabolic significance of the following observations? (1) Only the liver form of pyruvat...

A: Metabolic : It is term that is used to describe all chemical reactions involved in maintaining the l...

Q: Define depolarization, repolarization, and the action potential.

A: An action potential takes place when a nerve cell transfers impulses down the axon and distant from ...

Q: The products of the light reactions of photosynthesis are _____________ and NADPH.

A: Photosynthesis is a physiochemical process by which photosynthetic organisms covert light energy int...

Q: Purpose: of this assignment is to explain how energy is extracted from foods and used to produce ATP...

A: For providing energy oxidation process of biomolecule  is done.

Q: What is the special characteristic of mitochondria that makes it different from other orgnelles. Why...

A: Mitochondria are the membrane bound cell organelle that generate most of the chemical energy needed ...

Q: What are three ways that ATP can be generated?

A: Introduction: The structure of ATP is:

Q: Why is gluconeogenesis necessary?

A: Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose, activated when available glucose from diet and stored g...

Q: Write a balanced equation for the hydrolysis of cGMP, catalyzed by cGMP phosphodiesterase. Would you...

A: cGMP is a cyclic nucleotide derived from GTP. It act as second messenger. It regulates ion channel, ...

Q: Starting with a rod or cone cell, name the cells or structuresthat an action potential encounters wh...

A: An action potential is considered an explosion of electrical activity generated by neurons or muscle...

Q: Predict whether a dam methylase deficiency would increase, decrease, or have no effect on spontaneou...

A: Dam methylase is an abbreviation from an enzyme deoxyadenosine methylase. This enzyme adds methyl gr...

Q: What is meant by a conditional amino acid?

A: Amino acids are required for the synthesis of peptides and proteins inside the cell. Proteins play a...

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.