'opulation growth of two interacting species is modeled using the following equations: dN1 K1 – N1 + a12) = r¿N1 K1 dt dN2 K2 – N2 dt K2 Which type of interspecific interaction do these equations best model? |
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- Draw on one graph, with N2 on the y-axis and N1 on the x-axis, the isoclines for the twocompetitors with the carrying capacities and competition coefficients listed below. Will thesespecies coexist? If not, which species will win? Competitor 1 Competitor 2 K1 = 200, α12 = 0.4 K2 = 400, α21 =1Given 0.463 net reproduction per capita and a carrying capacity of 373 of a nature reserve , if 52 individuals are introduced into this nature reserve in 2011 for the first time, when will the population size reach 306 individuals?Two species have the same initial population size of 48.00, as well as rates of b = 0.83 and d = 0.66. However, species A reproduces seasonally and species B reproduces relatively continuously. How much bigger would the population of species B be after five years as compared to species A?
- In populations of unitary organisms, growth rates and rates of development are generally influenced by intraspecific competition. This essentially leads to density-dependent effects on the composition of a population. 1) Explain/discuss figure b (limpets) 2) Explain/discuss figure a (reindeers)Assume that the population of the greater roadrunner in the Guadelope Desert was 250 per hectare at the beginning of 1999. If the carrying capacity, K , is 750 and r=0.25 per year, what is the number ofroadrunners: (a) after a year later, (b) ten years later, (c) after a score, (d) a century later, and (e) a millennium later?Write the BIDE dynamics equation, where the left side of the equation is Nt+1. Realizing you are working with a closed population, put an “X” through the terms you will not need to consider to understand population growth of a species.
- Which parameter (r or K) had the most impact on changing the pattern ofpopulation growth, and why do you think this is so? K represents carrying capacity of environment r represents the rate of increase.Researchers in Georgia collected survivorship data in populations of two plant species, elf orpine (Sedum smallii) and oneflower stitchwort (Minuartia uniflora). If the populations of each species started with 500 individuals, how many individuals would be present in each species after seven months? Find Number of elf orpine individuals at 7 months and Number of oneflower stitchworts individuals at 7 months? Month Elf orpine survivorship Oneflower stichwort survivorship 1 1.00 1.00 5 0.81 0.37 7 0.09 0.05 8 0.03 0.02 10 0.02 0.01 12 0.01 0.01 13 0.00 0.00Calculate the rate of population change for a hypothetical population of wildebeest using the logistics equation and carrying capacity equation. How can you explain these results? N = 500, r = 0.1, K = 1000, calculate dN/dt.
- Which statement about zero population growth isoclines of two competing species is true? A. Species coexistence requires that the two isoclines cross. B. The crossing of the two isoclines is a sufficient condition for species coexistence. C. If the species coexist, they will each do so at a higher density than either would if placed alone. D. Strongly competing species can only coexist if the two species have very different carrying capacities. E. Coexistence will occur if the two isoclines are parallel.Populations are unable to sustain exponential growth for very long because environments are not unlimited. Eventually growth rates are reduced by a shortage of food, space or some other factor. These factors constitute what is known as ‘environmental resistance’ and their effect upon growth may produce a logistic growth curve. The data shown in the Table below illustrate this pattern of growth for three species’ populations, each beginning with a population of 10 individuals. Table 1: Temporal changes in the numbers of individuals of three different species’ populations, observed in the wild. Time (units) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Population 1 10 15 20 28 39 48 57 66 81 88 93 107 108 108 108 108 119 Population 2 10 11 12 14 17 19 21 25 29 33 37 41 40 43 46 49 46 Population 3 10 17 27 39 52 64 67 69 70 78 83 86 88 80 84…The northern hairy-nosed wombat has experienced historical population declines, though population have stabilized recently due to conservation efforts. While studying them researchers noticed the following fluctuations in (effective) population size: Year 1: 100 individuals Year 2: 90 individuals Year 3: 50 individuals Year 4: 75 individuals Year 5: 90 individuals Year 6: 95 individuals A. Given this information what is the long-term effective population size of this particular population over the six years? B. Assume that at the start of the study the researchers determined heterozygosity for this population to be 0.63 at microsatellite loci. What would you expect the heterozygosity to be at the end of the six years? (Answer part B)