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Q: The copper pipe shown in the figure has an outside diameter of 4.000 in. and a wall thickness of 0.3...

A: For the given copper pipe,

Q: QUESTION I (a) Define the terms (i) total stress (ii) effective stress and (ii) porewater pressure? ...

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Q: Why did the market for mechanical calculators grow significantly in the late nineteenth century?

A: mechanical calculators grow significantly in the late nineteenth century because:

Q: A cylindrical tank, 3 m in diameter and 4 m high and is filled with 2 meters of water at 40°C. If it...

A: Given data- Cylindrical tankDiameter D=3 mHeight/depth of tank H= 4 mTank is filled with 2 meters of...

Q: Data from the sieve analysis showed that 65% of the particles passed through 0.075 mm sieve. The liq...

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Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages of measuring hydraulic conductivity in the lab? What about...

A: The Hydraulic conductivity is measured by applying a constant hydraulic head difference across the s...

Q: 1) The radial head (at the elbow) usually experiences a load of 500N in compression (from the humeru...

A: Given Data; 500N in Compression and 100N in Transeverse

Q: Consider particles in suspension and their settling behaviour at different concentrations select the...

A: Discrete settling is the sedimentation of particles in a low-solids-concentration suspension. Grit i...

Q: A hydraulic ram 320 mm in diameter and 1.4 m long moves wholly within a concentric cylinder 320.4 mm...

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Q: Calculate the passing sight distance on a two lane road having the design speed of 86 kmph and react...

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Q: The specific gravity and weight proportion for aggregates and bitumen are as given below: CA1 CA2 FA...

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Q: A circular tube of length 500 mm and cross-sectional area 50 cm2 is placed horizontally and filled w...

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Q: A hydraulic ram 320 mm in diameter and 1.4 m long moves wholly within a concentric cylinder 320.4 mm...

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Q: The line loads q1 = 200 KN/m and q2 = 500 KN/m are applied as shown, determine the A6z at point A at...

A: We will take vertical component of loading.

Q: A hydraulic ram 320 mm in diameter and 1.4 m long moves wholly within a concentric cylinder 320.4 mm...

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Q: Determine maximum principal stress

A: Given data : The value of Normal stress in X direction σX=35 MPa The value of Normal stress in Y dir...

Q: In a closed traverse, the following observations were made: Line Length (m) | Bearing AB 30 60.5° BC...

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Q: Determine maximum principal stress

A: This question is related to Principal Stresses from Strength of Material.

Q: Determine the reaction at pins at A, B and C and fixed support at D. Answer in component form. And, ...

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Q: Use discontinuity functions to develop the load function w(x) for the beam shown. Include the beam r...

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Q: Oil S = 0.849 %3D Water h3 Water

A: Density of water = 1000kg/m3 Density of Oil = 0.84 x 1000 = 840 kg/m3 h1 = 31.11 m h2 = 71.86 m    

Q: As shown in Figure, a stone is thrown vertically into the air from the top of tower 100 ft. high. At...

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Q: For a simply supported beam with a sloping load line (y = mx) that starts at 0 kN/m on one end of th...

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Q: Find the coefficient of consolidation in cm2/s considering Casagrande's logarithm of time fitting me...

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Q: В 6 m 4 m A E F 4 m 3 m 3 m 300 kN 120 kN

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Q: Calculate the maximum speed of train on a broad gauge high speed 4° track. Assume 1 chain length = 2...

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Q: The trapezoidal channel shown in figure is laid on a slope of 0.00191. the channel must carry 60 cfs...

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Q: A circular aluminum alloy [E = 70 GPa; a = 22.5 × 10-6/°C; v = 0.33] pipe has an outside diameter of...

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Q: A beam with a width b=300mm has loads w=35 kN/m and P-13 kN. If the allowable bending stress is Fb31...

A: We will calculate maximum bending moment and use bending equation.

Q: Use Virtual Work Method to answer the questions below considering the truss shown in the figure. Ass...

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Q: structions: Solve the following problems completely using Method of Consistent Deformation. 25 kips ...

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Q: A vertical curve is formed on a two lane undivided highway between the tangents of 1 gradient + 1 As...

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Q: 6 kN/m 10 kN B 3 m -1.5 m- -1.5m-

A: Joint A  Vertical reaction Va Horizontal reaction Ha Joint C  Vertical reaction Vc Horizontal reacti...

Q: Find the ualue a fres ure at dep th 21m from free i Surfoce g water

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Q: An RCC square footing of side length 3 m and uniform effective depth 250 mm is provided for a 300 mm...

A: Given data  Length of Square footing L = 3 m = Width B Uniform Effective depth d = 250 mm Column dim...

Q: After 10 years, the public transportation remain unimproved. The modal split will also remain unchan...

A: Given data, Modal split ratio = 70% for trips from public transport Person-trip demand after 10 year...

Q: The fore bearing of a line AB was observed to be 245°30'. and It is known that station A is free of ...

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Q: Given: Instrument @ "B", BS "C", FS "A" Northing B = 5000.000, Easting B = 10000.00, Elevation B = 5...

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Q: The depth and velocity of flow in a rectangular channel are 1 m and 1.5 m/s respectively. If the rat...

A: To determine the velocity of the surge due to the increase in depth of flow.   Given, Initial depth ...

Q: A vertical curve is formed on a two lane undivided highway between the tangents of 1 gradient + and ...

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Q: A car owner observed that when the air temperature of his car tire is at 25°C the gage reads 210 kPa...

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Q: 15 Determine the moment of inertia of the area about the y axis. Solve the problem in two ways, usin...

A: a) Calculate the moment of inertia of the area about y axis when having a thickness of dx, Iy=∫x2dA ...

Q: A solid 1.375-in.-diameter steel [G = 12,000 ksi] shaft is subjected to torques Tg = 260 lb-ft and T...

A: Given :                                              Torque at point D, TD = 145 lb-ft = 145×12 = 17...

Q: Determine the length of valley curve based on head light sight distance where a descending gradient ...

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Q: Calculate the average velocity of train (in kmph) that should be permitted on a 3° broad gauge curve...

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Q: A 44KN/m distributed dead load, "w" kN/m distributed live load and a single 15kN point load may be p...

A: Loads are powers that might cause stresses, misshapenings, uprooting and speed increases on a struct...

Q: Consider particles in suspension and their settling behaviour at different concentrations select the...

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Q: A vehicle of weight 40 kN negotiating a horizontal curve of radius 250 m is subjected to the frictio...

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Q: The trapezoidal channel shown in figure is laid on a slope of 0.00191. the channel must carry 60 cfs...

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Q: Use Slope-Deflection Method to solve for the unknows on the 120mm x 120 mm beam shown in figure. E =...

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Methods to Determine Vertical Stress

The load applied to the soil is transferred to the underground. The presence of water at soil pores and solid grains above the soil are the primary components that are responsible for the effective load transfer. Due to the load acting, the internal component of the soil or the underground formations undergoes deformations or a tectonic shift. The amount of deformation depends upon the amount of load acting on the soil surface, which indeed, depends on the weight of everything present above the soil. Due to this, the underground soil element develops internal stresses which try to resist the tectonic changes.