Owners of Major League Baseball teams have been concerned with attendance in recent years as declines have been noticed across the board. There are a variety of factors that are causing this decline, but it is believed that a team's win-loss record, payroll, stadium age, and home run ability help to drive attendance.

What was the average attendance per team in 2018? Round your answer to 3 decimal p

What team had the highest and lowest total attendance in 2018? Enter the team names along with their attendance figures as they appear in the data file. Round your attendance numbers to 3 decima

Team

Attendance

Highest attendance

mil

Lowest attendance

mil

What was the range of attendance in 2018? Round your answer to 3 decimal places.

Let's look at attendance between the two leagues and draw some conclusions. For purposes parts D and E, we are assuming that separating the data into 2 groups based on League is considered sampling; thus, we have 2 samples (American League and National League) and assume we do NOT know the population standard deviations for both "populations" (we only have 1 overall population, not 2).

What was the average attendance in each league? Round your answer to 3 decimal places.

American League average attendance

  mil

National League average attendance

  mil

Perform a hypothesis test to determine whether there is a difference in the mean attendance of teams in the American League vs teams in the National League. Use a 0.05 level of significance in your testing procedures. Additionally:

You will need to know the standard deviations and variances for attendance in each league to conduct this test.

We are assuming that both American and National League attendance figures follow a normal distribution.

American and National league data are samples; thus, the population standard deviations are unknown.

Hint: When calculating your pooled sample variance and your test statistic, assume the American League data is sample 1 and the National League data is sample 2.

Decision Rule

-t <   or t >   =   REJECT H0

Value of Pooled Sample Variances

Value of test statistic

Decision: enter Reject or Do Not Reject

Is there a difference in the mean attendance of teams in the American League vs. teams in the National League assuming a 0.05 level of significance? Enter Yes or No.

Another idea is to look at how a team's payroll impacts its home attendance. Higher payroll usually signals more higher-skilled players on a roster which should brings fans to the ballpark to see these players.

Create 2 samples based on Team Salary and calculate average attendance, variance of attendance, and standard deviation of attendance for each sample.

Sample 1 = 10 teams with the highest team salary

Sample 2 = 10 teams with the lowest team salary

Sample 1

Sample 2

Top 10 Team Salary

Bottom 10 Team Salary

Sample mean attendance

mil

mil

Sample attendance variance

mil

mil

Sample attendance standard deviation

mil

mil

Perform a hypothesis test to determine whether there is a difference in the mean attendance of teams between the two groups created in Part F. Use a 0.05 level of significance in your testing procedures.

Hint: When calculating your pooled sample variance and your test statistic, assume the Top 10 data is sample 1 and the Bottom 10 data is sample 2.

Decision Rule

-t <   or t >   =   REJECT H0

Value of Pooled Sample Variances

Value of test statistic

Decision: enter Reject or Do Not Reject

Is there a difference in the mean attendance between the two groups assuming a 0.05 level of significance? Enter Yes or No.

Another variable that can impact attendance is the team's win-loss record. Teams that are winning more games are thought to have increased attendance as fans prefer to see their home team "win" rather than "lose" (although for some teams such as the Chicago Cubs, this is not always an established relationship!).

Create 2 samples based on Wins and calculate average wins, wins variance, and wins standard deviation for each sample.

Sample 1 = 10 teams with the highest wins

Sample 2 = 10 teams with the lowest wins

Sample 1

Sample 2

Top 10 Wins

Bottom 10 Wins

Sample mean attendance

mil

mil

Sample attendance variance

mil

mil

Sample attendance standard deviation

mil

mil

Perform a hypothesis test to determine whether there is a difference in the mean attendance of teams between the two groups created in Part H. Use a 0.05 level of significance in your testing procedures.

Hint: When calculating your pooled sample variance and your test statistic, assume the Top 10 data is sample 1 and the Bottom 10 data is sample 2.

Decision Rule

-t <   or t >   =   REJECT H0

Value of Pooled Sample Variances

Value of test statistic

Decision: enter Reject or Do Not Reject

Is there a difference in the mean attendance between the two groups assuming a 0.05 level of significance? Enter Yes or No.
Transcribed Image Text:Team Salary ($ mil) ERA Year Stadium Opened Attendance (mil) Net Worth ($ bil) League National Team HR BА Wins Arizona Diamondbacks 143.32 176 0.235 82 3.72 1998 2.242695 1.21 Atlanta Braves National 130.6 175 0.257 90 3.75 2017 2.555781 1.625 Baltimore Orioles American 127.63 188 0.239 47 5.18 1992 1.564192 1.2 Boston Red Sox Chicago Cubs Chicago White Sox Cincinnati Reds |American 227.4 208 0.268 108 3.75 1912 2.895575 2.8 National 194.26 167 0.258 95 3.65 1914 3.181089 2.9 American 71.84 182 0.241 62 4.84 1991 1.608817 1.5 National 100.31 172 0.254 67 4.63 2003 1.629356 1.01 Cleveland Indians American 142.8 216 0.259 91 3.77 1994 1.926701 1.045 Colorado Rockies National 143.97 210 0.256 91 4.33 1995 3.01588 1.1 Detroit Tigers Houston Astros American 130.96 135 0.241 64 4.58 2000 1.85697 1.225 American 163.52 205 0.255 103 3.11 2000 2.980549 1.65 Kansas City Royals Los Angeles Angels Los Angeles Dodgers Miami Marlins Milwaukee Brewers American 129.94 155 0.245 58 4.94 1973 1.665107 1.015 American 173.78 214 0.242 80 4.15 1966 3.020216 1.8 National 199,58 235 0.25 92 3.38 1962 3.8575 National 91.82 128 0.237 63 4.76 2012 0.811104 National 108.98 218 0.252 96 3.73 2001 2.850875 1.03 Minnesota Twins American 115.51 166 0.25 78 4.5 2010 1.959197 1.15 New York Mets National 150.19 170 0.234 77 4.07 2009 2.224995 2.1 New York Yankees American 179.6 267 0.249 100 3.78 2009 3.482855 4 Oakland Athletics Philadelphia Phillies Pittsburgh Pirates San Diego Padres San Francisco Giants Seattle Mariners St. Louis Cardinals American 80.32 227 0.252 97 3.81 1966 1.573616 1.02 National 104.3 186 0.234 80 4.14 2004 2.158124 1.7 National 91.03 157 0.254 82 4 2001 1.465316 1.26 National 101.34 162 0.235 66 4.4 2004 2.168536 1.27 American 205.67 176 0.254 89 4.13 2000 2,299489 2.85 National 160.99 133 0.239 73 3.95 1999 3.156185 1.45 National 163.78 205 0.249 88 3.85 2006 3.403587 1.9 |Tampa Bay Rays American 68.81 150 0.258 90 3.74 1990 1.154973 0.9 Texas Rangers American 140.63 194 0.24 67 4.92 1994 2.107107 1.6 Toronto Blue Jays American 150.95 217 0.244 73 4.85 1989 2.325281 1.35 Washington Nationals National 181.38 191 0.254 82 4.04 2008 2.529604 1.675

Question

Owners of Major League Baseball teams have been concerned with attendance in recent years as declines have been noticed across the board. There are a variety of factors that are causing this decline, but it is believed that a team's win-loss record, payroll, stadium age, and home run ability help to drive attendance.

What was the average attendance per team in 2018? Round your answer to 3 decimal p
What team had the highest and lowest total attendance in 2018? Enter the team names along with their attendance figures as they appear in the data file. Round your attendance numbers to 3 decima

	Team	Attendance
Highest attendance		mil
Lowest attendance		mil

What was the range of attendance in 2018? Round your answer to 3 decimal places.

Let's look at attendance between the two leagues and draw some conclusions. For purposes parts D and E, we are assuming that separating the data into 2 groups based on League is considered sampling; thus, we have 2 samples (American League and National League) and assume we do NOT know the population standard deviations for both "populations" (we only have 1 overall population, not 2).

What was the average attendance in each league? Round your answer to 3 decimal places.

American League average attendance	mil
National League average attendance	mil

Perform a hypothesis test to determine whether there is a difference in the mean attendance of teams in the American League vs teams in the National League. Use a 0.05 level of significance in your testing procedures. Additionally:

You will need to know the standard deviations and variances for attendance in each league to conduct this test.
We are assuming that both American and National League attendance figures follow a normal distribution.
American and National league data are samples; thus, the population standard deviations are unknown.

Hint: When calculating your pooled sample variance and your test statistic, assume the American League data is sample 1 and the National League data is sample 2.

Decision Rule	-t < or t > = REJECT H0
Value of Pooled Sample Variances
Value of test statistic
Decision: enter Reject or Do Not Reject

Is there a difference in the mean attendance of teams in the American League vs. teams in the National League assuming a 0.05 level of significance? Enter Yes or No.

Another idea is to look at how a team's payroll impacts its home attendance. Higher payroll usually signals more higher-skilled players on a roster which should brings fans to the ballpark to see these players.

Create 2 samples based on Team Salary and calculate average attendance, variance of attendance, and standard deviation of attendance for each sample.

Sample 1 = 10 teams with the highest team salary
Sample 2 = 10 teams with the lowest team salary

	Sample 1	Sample 2
	Top 10 Team Salary	Bottom 10 Team Salary
Sample mean attendance	mil	mil
Sample attendance variance	mil	mil
Sample attendance standard deviation	mil	mil

Perform a hypothesis test to determine whether there is a difference in the mean attendance of teams between the two groups created in Part F. Use a 0.05 level of significance in your testing procedures.

Hint: When calculating your pooled sample variance and your test statistic, assume the Top 10 data is sample 1 and the Bottom 10 data is sample 2.

Decision Rule	-t < or t > = REJECT H0
Value of Pooled Sample Variances
Value of test statistic
Decision: enter Reject or Do Not Reject

Is there a difference in the mean attendance between the two groups assuming a 0.05 level of significance? Enter Yes or No.

Another variable that can impact attendance is the team's win-loss record. Teams that are winning more games are thought to have increased attendance as fans prefer to see their home team "win" rather than "lose" (although for some teams such as the Chicago Cubs, this is not always an established relationship!).

Create 2 samples based on Wins and calculate average wins, wins variance, and wins standard deviation for each sample.

Sample 1 = 10 teams with the highest wins
Sample 2 = 10 teams with the lowest wins

	Sample 1	Sample 2
	Top 10 Wins	Bottom 10 Wins
Sample mean attendance	mil	mil
Sample attendance variance	mil	mil
Sample attendance standard deviation	mil	mil

Perform a hypothesis test to determine whether there is a difference in the mean attendance of teams between the two groups created in Part H. Use a 0.05 level of significance in your testing procedures.

Hint: When calculating your pooled sample variance and your test statistic, assume the Top 10 data is sample 1 and the Bottom 10 data is sample 2.

Decision Rule	-t < or t > = REJECT H0
Value of Pooled Sample Variances
Value of test statistic
Decision: enter Reject or Do Not Reject

Is there a difference in the mean attendance between the two groups assuming a 0.05 level of significance? Enter Yes or No.

Team Salary ($ mil)
ERA Year Stadium Opened Attendance (mil) Net Worth ($ bil)
League
National
Team
HR
BА
Wins
Arizona Diamondbacks
143.32
176
0.235
82
3.72
1998
2.242695
1.21
Atlanta Braves
National
130.6
175
0.257
90
3.75
2017
2.555781
1.625
Baltimore Orioles
American
127.63
188
0.239
47
5.18
1992
1.564192
1.2
Boston Red Sox
Chicago Cubs
Chicago White Sox
Cincinnati Reds
|American
227.4
208
0.268
108
3.75
1912
2.895575
2.8
National
194.26
167
0.258
95
3.65
1914
3.181089
2.9
American
71.84
182
0.241
62
4.84
1991
1.608817
1.5
National
100.31
172
0.254
67
4.63
2003
1.629356
1.01
Cleveland Indians
American
142.8
216
0.259
91
3.77
1994
1.926701
1.045
Colorado Rockies
National
143.97
210
0.256
91
4.33
1995
3.01588
1.1
Detroit Tigers
Houston Astros
American
130.96
135
0.241
64
4.58
2000
1.85697
1.225
American
163.52
205
0.255
103
3.11
2000
2.980549
1.65
Kansas City Royals
Los Angeles Angels
Los Angeles Dodgers
Miami Marlins
Milwaukee Brewers
American
129.94
155
0.245
58
4.94
1973
1.665107
1.015
American
173.78
214
0.242
80
4.15
1966
3.020216
1.8
National
199,58
235
0.25
92
3.38
1962
3.8575
National
91.82
128
0.237
63
4.76
2012
0.811104
National
108.98
218
0.252
96
3.73
2001
2.850875
1.03
Minnesota Twins
American
115.51
166
0.25
78
4.5
2010
1.959197
1.15
New York Mets
National
150.19
170
0.234
77
4.07
2009
2.224995
2.1
New York Yankees
American
179.6
267
0.249
100
3.78
2009
3.482855
4
Oakland Athletics
Philadelphia Phillies
Pittsburgh Pirates
San Diego Padres
San Francisco Giants
Seattle Mariners
St. Louis Cardinals
American
80.32
227
0.252
97
3.81
1966
1.573616
1.02
National
104.3
186
0.234
80
4.14
2004
2.158124
1.7
National
91.03
157
0.254
82
4
2001
1.465316
1.26
National
101.34
162
0.235
66
4.4
2004
2.168536
1.27
American
205.67
176
0.254
89
4.13
2000
2,299489
2.85
National
160.99
133
0.239
73
3.95
1999
3.156185
1.45
National
163.78
205
0.249
88
3.85
2006
3.403587
1.9
|Tampa Bay Rays
American
68.81
150
0.258
90
3.74
1990
1.154973
0.9
Texas Rangers
American
140.63
194
0.24
67
4.92
1994
2.107107
1.6
Toronto Blue Jays
American
150.95
217
0.244
73
4.85
1989
2.325281
1.35
Washington Nationals
National
181.38
191
0.254
82
4.04
2008
2.529604
1.675

Accepted Answer

Looking at the residual plot we can see that there is one observation whose standardized residual is…