Pantothenic acid (pantothenate), also known as vitamin Bs, is necessary for the production of coenzyme A. Which steps of aerobic metabolism would be affected by a vitamin Bs deiciency?
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- ___ molecules of ATP are ultimately formed per every acetyl-CoA that enters the citric acid cycle and the remaining ATP molecules are generated via the ___ of NADH and FADH2. A) Nine; oxidation B) Ten; reduction C) Ten; oxidation D)Nine; reductionSelect which of the following enzymes unique to glycolysis are also sites of regulation for glycolysis. Select all that apply. a) glyceraldehyde 3 P dehydrogenase b) PFK c) pyruvate kinase d) hexokinase e) enolase f) phosphoglycerate mutaseTaking into consideration glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the citric acid cycle, how many NAD+ molecules are reduced from a single molecule of dihydroxyacetone phosphate? 4 NAD+ are reduced 5 NAD+ are reduced 8 NAD+ are reduced 10 NAD+ are reduced None of the above answers are correct
- Which of the following molecules shown are the reduced products produced in the citric acid cycle whose reduction directly helped drive oxidation? Select all that apply. Ensure you are selecting the product forms of the molecule, which here means the reduced form, and are only considering redox reactions! Do not include the pyruvate processing steps -- just the citric acid cycle itself. A. GDP B. NADH C. FAD D. Acetyl-CoA E. NAD+ F. CoA G. FADH2 H. GTP I. QH2 J. QBefore pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle, it is decarboxylated, oxidized, and combined with coenzyme A, forming acetyl CoA, carbon dioxide, and one molecule of (a) NADH (b) FADH2 (c) ATP (d) ADP (e) C6H12O6Which of the following compounds involved in aerobic respiration can originate from the breakdown of proteins? Select all that apply. Citric acid cycle intermediates Acetyl-CoA Pyruvate PGAL
- (a) Hexokinase (HK), phoshofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase are three regulatory enzymes that regulate metabolic reaction in glycolysis. Elaborate how equilibrium conditions would be controlled by these enzymes. PLEASE FAST AND RIGHT CLEER.A fatty acid (a long straight-chain carboxylic acid with an even number of carbons) is metabolized to acetylCoA, which can then enter the citric acid cycle to be further metabolized. A fatty acid with an odd number of carbons is metabolized to acetyl-CoA and one equivalent of propionyl-CoA. Propionyl-CoA cannot enter the citric acid cycle. Two coenzyme-requiring enzymes are needed to convert it to succinyl-CoA, a compound that can enter the citric acid cycle. Write the two enzyme-catalyzed reactions and include the names of the required coenzymes.Each acetyl CoA that enters in the citric acid cycle, 2 carbon dioxide molecules are released in reactions which are coupled with the production of NADH molecules from reduction of NAD+ molecules and FADH2 is alse released by reduction of FAD+. NADH and FADH2, pass their electrons to the electron transport chain, turning back into NAD+ and FAD+ Explain further
- To begin the TCA cycle, pyruvate must be converted into acetyl-Coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by the enzyme complex of pyruvate dehydrogenase. This complex requires 5 different coenzymes to function properly. What are they?How many ATP molecules would be generated if an 8-carbon fatty acid were metabolized solely by the TCA cycle in the form of only Acetyl COA? PLEASE SHOW WORK A. 0 B. 4 C. 8 D. 12 E. 15 F. 32 G. 48 H. 30 I. 2The term "glucose" refers to hexoses and their sources in general. As much as one third of the glucose respired by plants does not enter glycolysis directly. Rather, the glucose goes through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (phosphogluconate shunt) first. What are the advantages and disadvantages of sending glucose through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway?