Pass water at 70oF through a supported polypropylene membrane, with a skin of 0.003-cm thickness and 35% porosity, at the rate of 200 m3/m2 membrane surface area/day. The pores can be considered straight cylinders of uniform diameter equal to 0.2 mm. If the pressure on the downstream side of the membrane is 150 kPa, estimate the required pressure on the upstream side of the membrane.

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