Performance: Link utilization. Consider the network shown below. The links have transmission rates of R₁ = R₂ = 150 Mbps Assume that the link R₂ is fairly shared (as we've seen is done via TCP) between the two sessions. 25% What is the utilization of a link connecting the sender to the router, assuming both sessions are sending packets as fast as possible? 75 Mbps 50% 33.3% R₁ 75% R₁ 10% R₂
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- Using packet tracer, implement a network that has the following components: 1- At least five routers 2- At least 7 subnets 3- At least 12 PCs 4- At least 4 switches 5- Use RIP routing protocol To assign IP addresses of the routers and PCs, use the IP address from your ID as follows Assume your id is 118zyxw, Consider the numbers z, y, x and w as deciemal You have the subnet 118.0.0.0/24 If your ID is 1181234 then the IP is 118.0.0.0/24 Use this subnet to get at least 7 subnets.A packet switch receives a packet and determines the outbound link to which the packet should be forwarded. When the packet arrives, one other packet is halfway done being transmitted on this outbound link and four other packets are waiting to be transmitted. Packets are transmitted in order of arrival. Suppose all packets are 1,200 bytes and the link rate is 2 Mbps. What is the queuing delay for the packet? More generally, what is the queuing delay when all packets have length L, the transmission rate is R, x bits of the currently-being-transmitted packet have been transmitted, and n packets are already in the queue?Consider the network shown below, and Dijkstra’s link-state algorithm. Suppose that Dijkstra's algorithm has been run to compute the least cost paths from node E to all other nodes. Now suppose that source node E has a packet to send to destination node A. What is the first router to which E will forward this packet on its path to A?
- Maximum end-end throughput (e). Consider the scenario below where 4 TCP senders are connected to 4 receivers. Servers 1 - 3 transmit to the receiving hosts at the fastest rate possible (i.e., at the rate at which the bottleneck link between a server and its destination is operating at 100% utilization, and is fairly shared among the connections passing through that link). Server 4 has nothing to send, so its sending rate is zero. Suppose that R = 1 Gbps, Rc is 300 Mbps and Rs is 400 Mbps. What is the TCP throughput achieved on each of the 3 sctive-sending connections? A. 4R B. Rc C. R/4…2. Now suppose there are two links between source and destination, with one router connecting the two links. Each link is 5,000 km long. Again suppose the MP3 file is sent as one packet. Suppose there is no congestion, so that the packet is transmitted onto the second link as soon as the router receives the entire packet. What is the end-to-end delay?Consider the extended LAN connected using bridges B1 and B2 in the Figure given below. H1 shown in the figure is a hub which has the property of taking an input on one port and forwarding it on all other ports. Suppose the forwarding tables in the two bridges are empty. List all ports on which a packet will be forwarded by bridges B1 and B2 for the following sequence of data transmissions: a) A sends a packet to C b) E sends a packet to F c) F sends a packet to E d) G sends a packet to E e) D sends a packet to A f) B sends a packet to F
- Consider the following diagram: A,B,C and D are subnets, R1, R2, and R3 are routers. Default signifies theentire rest of the internet. All 4 subnets each contain the same number of hosts.Consider the following routing table at R3: CIDR Mask Link 0.0.0.0/0 L4 128.4.6.0/24 L3 128.4.8.0/24 L5 1. If 128.4.6.0 is in A, what is the routing table at R1? 2. The ISP that owns all these networks is short on IP addresses, so theyuse a NAT router for R2. How many public IP addresses will C andD use together assuming they use as many private 10.X IP addresses asthey can? How many total public IP addresses will be used by the entirenetwork? Why doesn’t the ISP care about how many private IP addressesare used? 3. Fix R3’s routing table now that we are using NAT: 4. A node in C is given the IP address 10.0.0.1 and only sends and receivespackets on port 1234. A packet destined for this node reaches R2 witha source of (IP=128.4.6.6, Port=3000) and destination of (IP=128.4.8.0,Port=10000).…There are 4 routers Router A, B, C and D Router B and D are connected in a network system, RIP is the routing protocol running on the routers, DV(distance vector) algorithm is the routing algorithm for RIP, a new link is added to the system to conect router A and C, will this addition trigger router A to re-compute its DV?We have 5 routers labled A-E. Suppose we have the forwarding tables shown below after the routingalgorithm is stable. Let all links have cost 1. a. If a message is originated from A and a destination is E. Which path does it take?b. If a message is originated from C and a destination is D. Which path does it take?c. Give a diagram of a possible network consistent with these tables.
- Consider the scenario below where 4 TCP senders are connected to 4 receivers. The servers transmit to the receiving hosts at the fastest rate possible (i.e., at the rate at which the bottleneck link between a server and its destination is operating at 100% utilization, and is fairly shared among the connections passing through that link). R =1 Gbps and Rc is 300 Mbps and Rs is 400 Mbps. And that all four senders have data to send, What is the minimum value of Re that will ensure that the connections to Host-1 and Host-2 are not bottlenecked at links with capacity Rc or Re?Consider a short, 10-meter link, over which a sender can transmit at a rate of 150 bits/sec in both directions. Suppose that packets containing data are 100,000 bits long, and packets containing only control (e.g., ACK or handshaking) are 200 bits long. Assume that N parallel connections each get 1/N of the link bandwidth. Now consider the HTTP protocol, and suppose that each downloaded object is 100 Kbits long, and that the initial downloaded object contains 10 referenced objects from the same sender. Would parallel downloads via parallel instances of non-persistent HTTP make sense in this case? Now consider persistent HTTP. Do you expect significant gains over the non-persistent case? Justify and explain your answerAssignment 5: Both TCP and UDP are widely used IP transfer layer protocols. For applications requiring reliable transfers, TCP is generally preferred, while applications that value throughput more than reliability are best served using UDP. Most TCP/IP stacks provide both protocols, so the application can use whichever transfer protocol is more appropriate, even changing from one to the other as desired. Rather than rely solely on TCP, the network system developer might want to investigate the trade-offs related to use of UDP. Based upon the analysis list out why Some TCP/IP Applications Use UDP?