1. For the Carnot cycle of the figure below, what is the entropy change of the hot reservoir, the cold reservoir, and the universe in terms of QH, TH, QC, and Tc? PA Th M W Qc Tc Use the math type box to enter your answer interms of QH,TH, Qc, and Tc. To enter subcripts use the mathtype editor as shown below. ох MathType - Google Chrome author.cogbooks.com/communicog/newUI/author/wiris/jsp/quizz... √OVO (0) + π a 00 0 4 OK Cancel Note: The subscripts are case-sensitive. a) Entropy change of the hot reservoir: ASH= ✓ b) Entropy change of the cold reservoir: ASC = c) Entropy change of the universe (carnot engine+hot reservoir and cold reservoir): ASµ = Qn P N olo 믐 0 Qn Qc

1. For the Carnot cycle of the figure below, what is the entropy change of the hot reservoir, the cold reservoir, and the universe in terms of QH, TH, QC, and Tc? PA Th M W Qc Tc Use the math type box to enter your answer interms of QH,TH, Qc, and Tc. To enter subcripts use the mathtype editor as shown below. ох MathType - Google Chrome author.cogbooks.com/communicog/newUI/author/wiris/jsp/quizz... √OVO (0) + π a 00 0 4 OK Cancel Note: The subscripts are case-sensitive. a) Entropy change of the hot reservoir: ASH= ✓ b) Entropy change of the cold reservoir: ASC = c) Entropy change of the universe (carnot engine+hot reservoir and cold reservoir): ASµ = Qn P N olo 믐 0 Qn Qc

Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text

5th Edition

ISBN:9781133104261

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Chapter18: Heat Engines, Entropy, And The Second Law Of Thermodynamics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 34P

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An ideal gas is taken from an initial temperature Ti to a higher final temperature Tf along two different reversible paths as shown in Figure 21.15. Path A is at constant pressure, and path B is at constant volume. What is the relation between the entropy changes of the gas for these paths? (a) SA SB (b) SA = SB (c) SA SB Figure 21.15 (Quick Quiz 21.5) An ideal gas is taken from temperature Ti to Tf via two different paths.
An ideal gas at temperature T is stored in the left half of an insulating container of volume V using a partition of negligible volume (see below). What is the entropy change per mole of the gas in each of the following cases? (a) The partition is suddenly removed and the gas quickly fills the entire container. (b) A tiny hole is punctured in the partition and after a long period, the gas reaches an equilibrium state such that there is no net flow through the hole. (c) The partition is moved very slowly and adiabatically all the way to the light wall so that the gas finally fills the entire container.
A monoatomic ideal gas (n moles) goes through a cyclic process shown below. Find the change in entropy of the gas in each step and the total entropy change over the entire cycle.
Does a gas become more orderly when it liquefies? Does its entropy change? If s, does the entropy increase or decrease? Explain your answer.
A great deal of effort, time, and money has been spent in the quest for a so-called perpetual-motion machine, which is defined as a hypothetical machine that operates or produces useful work indefinitely and/or a hypothetical machine that produces mole work or energy than it consumes. Explain, in terms of the first law of thermodynamics, why or why not such a machine is likely to be constructed.
(a) What is the change in entropy if you start with 10 coins in the 5 heads and 5 tails macrostate, toss them, and get 2 heads and 8 tails? (b) How much more likely is 5 heads and 5 tails than 2 heads and 8 tails? (Take the ratio of the number of microstates to find out.) (c) If you were betting on 2 heads and 8 tails would you accept odds of 252 to 45? Explain Why or why not. Table 15.5 10Coin Toss MacrostateNumber of Microstates (W) Heads Tails 10 0 1 9 1 10 8 2 45 7 3 120 6 4 210 5 5 252 4 6 210 3 7 120 2 8 45 1 9 10 0 10 1 Total: 1024
(a) What is the change in entropy if you start with 100 coins in the 45 heads and 55 tails macrostate, toss them, and get 51 heads and 49 tails? (b) What if you get 75 heads and 25 tails? (c) How much more likely is 51 heads and 49 tails than 75 heads and 25 tails? (d) Dues either outcome violate the second law of thermodynamics?
Explain how water’s entropy can decrease when it freezes without violating the second law of thermodynamics. Specifically, explain what happens to the entropy of its surroundings.
Explain why a building made of bricks has smaller entropy than the same bricks in a disorganized pile. Do this by considering the number of ways that each could be formed (the number of microstates in each macrostate).
Consider a system with a certain energy content, from which we wish to extract as much work as possible. Should the system's entropy be high or low? IS this orderly or disorderly? Structured or uniform? Explain briefly.
A 65-g ice cube is initially at 0.0C. (a) Find the change in entropy of the cube after it melts completely at 0.0C. (b) What is the change in entropy of the environment in this process? Hint: The latent heat of fusion for water is 3.33 105 J/kg.
A system consisting of n moles of an ideal gas with molar specific heat at constant pressure Cr undergoes two reversible processes. It starts with pressure Pi and volume Vi, expands isothermally, and then contracts adiabatically to reach a final state with pressure Pi and volume 3Vi. (a) Find its change in entropy in the isothermal process. (The entropy does not change in the adiabatic process.) (b) What If? Explain why the answer to part (a) must be the same as the answer to Problem 46. (You do not need to solve Problem 46 to answer this question.)