Price, Marginal Revenue, Total Revenue Price, Marginal Revenue, Total Revenue Quantity Demanded Figure 1 Refer to the two diagrams for individual firms. In Figure 2, line B represents the firm's Multiple Choice C Quantity Demanded Figure 2 demand curve only. marginal cost curve only. total revenue curve only marginal revenue curve only Seved 700
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- Would you rather have efficiency or variety? That is, one opportunity cost of the variety of products we have is that each product costs more per unit than if there were only one kind of product of a given type, like shoes. Perhaps a better question is, What is the right amount of variety? Can there be too many varieties of shoes, for example?Henry Potter owns the only wcU in town that pro-ducesclean drinking water. He faces the follO\\•ingdemand, marginal revenue, and marginal cost curves:Demand: P • 70 - QMarginal Revenue: MR • 70 - 2Q~arginal Cost: MC • lO + Qa. Graph these three curves. Assuming thatMr. Potter maximizes profit, what quantity docshe produce? What prioc does he charge? Showthese rcsuiiS on your graph.b. Mayor George Bailey, concerned about water con~sumcrs_. is considering a price ceiling that is10 percent below the monopoly price derived inpart (a). What quantity would be demanded atthis new price? Would the profit-maximizingMr. Potter produce that amount? Explain. (Hi11t:1hink about marginal cost.)c. George's Uncle Billy says that a price ceiling is abad idea because price ceilings cause shortages.Is he right in this case? What size shortage wouldthe prioc ociling create? Explain.d. George's friend Clarence, who is even more con~cerncd about consumers, suggests a price ceiling50 percent below the…Larry, Curly, and Moe run the only saloon in town.Larry wants to sell as many drinks as possiblewithout losing money. Curly wants the saloon tobring in as much revenue as possible. Moe wantsto make the largest possible profits. Using a singlediagram of the saloon’s demand curve and its costcurves, show the price and quantity combinationsfavored by each of the three partners. Explain. (Hint:Only one of these partners will want to set marginalrevenue equal to marginal cost.)
- Andrea’s Day Spa began to offer a relaxingaromatherapy treatment. The firm asks you how muchto charge to maximize profits. The first two columnsin Table 10.5 provide the price and quantity for thedemand curve for treatments. The third column showsits total costs. For each level of output, calculate totalrevenue, marginal revenue, average cost, and marginalcost. What is the profit-maximizing level of output forthe treatments and how much will the firm earn inprofits?The market for apple pies in the city of Ectenia iscompetitive and has the following demand schedule:Price Quantity Demanded$1 1,200 pies2 1,1003 1,0004 9005 8006 7007 6008 5009 40010 30011 20012 10013 0Each producer in the market has fixed costs of $9 andthe following marginal cost schedule:Quantity Marginal Cost1 pie $ 22 43 64 85 106 12a. Compute each producer’s total cost andaverage total cost for each quantity from 1 to6 pies.b. The price of a pie is now $11. How many pies aresold? How many pies does each producer make?How many producers are there? How much profitdoes each producer earn?c. Is the situation described in part (b) a long-runequilibrium? Why or why not?d. Suppose that in the long run there is free entryand exit. How much profit does each producerearn in the long-run equilibrium? What isthe market price? How many pies does eachproducer make? How many pies are sold inthe market? How many pie producers areoperating?Assume that you are an economic consultant. The firm that hired you has provided the information below. The firm is a price searcher and wants to maximize its profit (or minimize its loss). InformationPrice: $4Elasticity of demand at price of $4 is Ed=-1Quantity of output: 2000Total variable cost: 4000Average fixed cost: 1Marginal cost is constant and equal to the average variable cost: MC=ACV=2. Which of the following answers correctly describes this case? a) The firm is maximizing profits at the current price of $4.b) The firm should increase price and reduce quantity produced.c) None of the other answersd) Firm should reduce price and increase quantity produced.
- Suppose a museum charges different entrancefees for children, students, adults, and seniors, butthese groups all pay the same amount for souvenirs at the gift shop. Explain why the museum pricediscriminates on admission but not souvenirs.A toy manufacturer makes miniature trucks. The pricep(in dollar) and the demandx(numberof miniature trucks) are related by the equation 6000−600p=x. The total cost for the sametoy manufacturer to producexminiature trucks can be modeled byC(x) = 8x+ 450.(a) (10 points) Express the pricepin terms of the demandx. Find the revenueR(x) if themanufacturer sellsxminiature trucks in a month and find the domain of this function.(b) (10 points) Graph the cost and revenue functions on the same coordinate system for 0≤x≤6000.(c) (10 points) What is the minimum number of trucks the toy manufacturer must sell tobreak even?(d) (10 points) FindP′(300) and interpret the result.(e) (10 points) What is the exact profit from the sale of the 301stminiature truck?You are working for the chiefeconomist at Microsoft. Microsoft’s only significantcosts to producing and distributing a new version itit’s operating system is $30,000 in wages to itsemployees, $15,000 in computer testing, and$5,000 in utilities. Microsoft’s marketing department estimates that thedemand a new version it it’s operating system is Q = 320 – 0.5 P, with Pmeasured in dollars.What price should Microsoft charge for a new version it it’s operatingsystem? What profit should Microsoft expect?
- In Autarka there are 9600 people who like to visit an amusement park. Each of theseconsumers wants to visit one park once. The consumers' homes are evenly spaced acrossthe island, and they each suffer a disutility of $24 for each kilometre they travel to reachan amusement park. With their current technology, it costs an amusement park $12 for each customer theyhost. At present, the equilibrium price for an amusement park ticket is $36, and each firmhas a profit of $115,200. This market is best modelled as Hotelling competition. Fixed costs should be neglected. Treat this market as a one-shot game. Do not consider repetition or associated phenomena such as collusion or predatory pricing. Find the profit function for Bernice's Wild Rides. Assuming that Bernice's marginal cost is $12.In Autarka there are 9600 people who like to visit an amusement park. Each of theseconsumers wants to visit one park once. The consumers' homes are evenly spaced acrossthe island, and they each suffer a disutility of $24 for each kilometre they travel to reachan amusement park. With their current technology, it costs an amusement park $12 for each customer theyhost. At present, the equilibrium price for an amusement park ticket is $36, and each firmhas a profit of $115,200. This market is best modelled as Hotelling competition. Fixed costs should be neglected. Treat this market as a one-shot game. Do not consider repetition or associated phenomena such as collusion or predatory pricing. Derive an expression for the location of the indifferent consumer. Use PA to represent the price of admission at Alfonso's Wonderland, and PB to represent the price of admission at Bernice's Wild Rides.You own a printing firm. Two of yoursenior managers provide you with advice. Thefirst manager states that your company islosing money for every unit that is printed. Tominimize losses, she advises that you reduceyour production levels. The second managerstates that if your firm sells some more units,the price will cover your increase in costs. Inorder to reduce losses, the second managerrecommends that you should increaseproduction. Explain which manager iscorrect and who is offering the correctadvice?