Problem 1 Applying the convolutional encoder represented by the state machine below, find the transmitted string if the original message was 110101 Output bits ———- 00 11 Encoder state Input bit = 0 Input bit = 1 10 a = 00 b = 10 100 c = 01 01 d = 11 10
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- Consider a convolutional code with k = 1, n = 3 and L = 3. The encoder generators aregiven by 91 = [110], 92 = [001] and 93 = [011].Assume the Viterbi algorithm is used for decoding at the receiver and considerthe received bit sequence at the input of the channel decoder being [10 0100110011].Answer the following questions.(a) What is the decoded information bit sequence? (b) What is the value of the cumulative metric (i.e., Hamming distance) of thefinal survivor path of the decoding process?(c) Draw the final survivor path of the trellis for the decoding process.Instruction for Part (c): An example of drawing a path in the trellis is shown below.Assume an encoded 8-bit hamming code is stored in the memory for transmission from A to B. Using Even Parity Hamming code technique, determine the parity bits/position and the data to be stored in the memory. The 8-bit hamming code (10111011)2 is transmitted from sender A and the receiver B receives the code as (11111011)2. Draw the layout of data bits and check bits. How will the processor detect the error and correct it?2.Consider the bit stream 01101101. Draw the waveforms for following line codes.(i)(ii)Biphase Manchester codingBiphase Differential Manchester codingPolar PSEUDOTERNARY(iii)(iv)Multilevel -8B6T(v)Multilevel-2B1Q Assume that the signal level for the most recent preceding 0 bit (pseudoternary) has a negative voltage.
- A block of bits with n rows and k columns uses horizontal and vertical parity bits for error detection. Suppose that exactly 4 bits are inverted due to transmission errors. Drive a mathematical expression of n and k for the total number of different cases where these 4 error bits will be undetected. Show each important step of your derivation. (Hint: the error bits will be undetected if all the parity bits computed from the block remain unchanged.)Suppose that during transmission there is an error which results in bits being flipped. What correction measures can be implemented to correct the error messageA bit stream 10011101 is transmitted using CRC method. The generator polynomial is x^3 + 1. Show the actual bit string transmitted. Suppose the third bit from the left is inverted during transmission. Show that this error is detected at the receivers end.
- Suppose the binary data stream 000011110011 is differentially encoded and then transmitted sketch each of the following codes Unipolar NRZ Polar RZ AMI (Alternate Mark Inversion) ManchesterComputer Network : Suppose 3 blocks of 16 bits need to be sent, using Checksum method proves the following cases: When there is no error When there is a burst error and detected. When there is a burst error and remains undetected Block 1: 1011101110101011 Block 2: 0101000011111010 Block 3: 0111010110101010A)Convert the data word OxAF96 into Hamming Code using even parity B)Transmitter sent OxAF96. Assume that the data word received at the receiver was OxBF96. How does the receiver detect an error bit and correct the bit? Show the working steps.
- a) Compute the CRC for the following message M = 1110 1010 1110 0100 0101 using the generator x4+x2+x+1. Show your detailed work. Let us call M’ the message M after appending the CRC to it. b) Suppose the following error message E = 1111 0000 1110 0000 1010 0000 is XORed to M’ obtained in part a. Is the error detected at the receiver? Show your detailed work.In ___________ there is always a transition at the middle of the bit, but the bit values are determined at the beginning of the bit. If the next bit is 0, there is a transition; if the next bit is 1, there is none. a. Manchester b. differential Manchester c. both (a) and (b) d. neither (a) nor (b)a. Compute for the data efficiency of transmitting if the data format is a General Synchronous Data Frame. b. For an asynchronous data transmission (wherein 1 byte of data is accompanied by a specific number of auxiliary bits), how many start and stop bits are there if the data efficiency in transmitting is ? The number of start bits is equal to the number of stop bits.