Problem 5 (Stacks): A stack of integer elements is implemented as an array. The index of the top element is kept in position 0 in the array, and the stack elements are stored in stack[1], …, stack[stack[0]]. 1. How does this implementation fare when assessed against the idea of an array as a homogeneous collection of data elements? 2. How would this implementation change the stack specification? 3. How would it change the implementation of the functions?
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Problem 5 (Stacks): A stack of integer elements is implemented as an array. The index of the top
element is kept in position 0 in the array, and the stack elements are stored in stack[1], …,
stack[stack[0]].
1. How does this implementation fare when assessed against the idea of an array as a
homogeneous collection of data elements?
2. How would this implementation change the stack specification?
3. How would it change the implementation of the functions?
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- Problem 4 (Stacks): Two stacks of positive integers are needed, one containing elements withvalues less than or equal to 1,000 and the other containing elements with values larger than 1,000.The total number of elements in the small-value stack and the large-value stack combined are notmore than 200 at any time, but we cannot predict how many are in each stack. (All of the elementscould be in the small-value stack, they could be evenly divided, both stacks could be empty, andso on.).1. Can you think of a way to implement both stacks in one array?2. Draw a diagram of how the stack might look.3. Write definitions for such a double-stack structure.4. Implement the push operation; it should store the new item into the correct stack accordingto its value (compared to 1,000).Please explain, C programing Q# Is there a difference between the heap and stack memory? Selection the answer below: A. Yes, stack memory is automatically allocated and cleared when a function is called. The heap is otherwise managed by using malloc and free. B. No, they are identical.Instructions C++ a. Add the following operation to the class stackType. void reverseStack(stackType<Type> &otherStack); This operation copies the elements of a stack in reverse order onto another stack. Consider the following statements: stackType<int> stack1;stackType<int> stack2; The statement stack1.reverseStack(stack2); copies the elements of stack1 onto stack2 in reverse order. That is, the top element of stack1 is the bottom element of stack2, and so on. The old contents of stack2 are destroyed, and stack1 is unchanged. b. Write the definition of the function template to implement the operation reverseStack. Write a program to test the class stackType. myStack.h //Header file: myStack.h #ifndef H_StackType #define H_StackType #include <iostream> #include <cassert> #include "stackADT.h" using namespace std; template <class Type> class stackType: public stackADT<Type> { public: const stackType<Type>&…
- 1. Compare and contrast the implementations of the stack data structure using arraysand linked lists.a) How are they different?b) What are the run times of the stack operations for each implementation?c) When would one method be preferred over the otherDefine a Stack data structure using Struct and Linked List (pointer) in C/C++. Your program should have the following menu in a switch-case loop: Is the stack empty or full? Inserting data to the Stack (push) Receiving data from the stack (printing to the screen and deleting it from the stack, that is, pop() ) Show all data in Stack from first to last Exit10.12 It is possible for one linear structure to be more general than another.(a) Can a Queue be implemented using a Stack? What is the level of complexity of each Queue operation? (b) Can a Stack be implemented using a Queue? What are the various Stack techniques' complexities? 10.13 Explain how we could efficiently build a Queue as a pair of Stacks, known as a "stack pair." (Hint: Consider one of the stacks to be the head of the queue and the other to be the tail.)
- Passing Arguments to a FunctionThe sample program in Example 5.4 shows how the stack frame is used to passarguments to a function.The code simply creates some local stack variables, fillsthem with values, and passes them to a function called callex().The callex() function takes the supplied arguments and prints them to the screen.Example 5.4 Stack and Passing Parameters to a Function/* stack2.c */#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>int callex(char *buffer, int int1, int int2){/* This prints the input variables to the screen:*/printf("%s %d %d\n",buffer,int1, int2);return 1;}int main(int argc, char **argv){Stack Overflows • Chapter 5 173 char buffer[15]="Hello Buffer"; /* a 15-byte character bufferwith12 characters filled/*int int1=1, int2=2; /* two four-byte integers */callex(buffer,int1,int2); /*call our function*/return 1; /*leaves the main function*/}You need to compile this example in MSVC in a console application inRelease mode or in GCC without optimizations. Example…A stack of integer elements is implemented as an array. The index of the topelement is kept in position 0 in the array, and the stack elements are stored in stack[1], …,stack[stack[0]].1. How does this implementation fare when assessed against the idea of an array as ahomogeneous collection of data elements?2. How would this implementation change the stack specification?3. How would it change the implementation of the functions?What is the difference between stack and heap memory? Correct choice: A. Heap memory is allocated manually by the user and is 'long-lived'. You must manually allocate it, whereas memory on the stack will be reclaimed when the memory is out of scope from where it was initialized. B. Stack memory is allocated manually by the user and is 'long-lived'. You must manually allocate it, whereas memory on the heap will be reclaimed when the memory is out of scope from where it was initialized.
- a-) The compare and swap() instruction can be used to design lock-free data structures such as stacks, queues, and lists. The program example shown in Figure 6.18 presents a possible solution to a lock-free stack using CAS instructions, where the stack is represented as a linked list of Node elements with top representing the top of the stack. Is this implementation free from race conditions? b-) Describe how the signal() operation associated with monitors differs from the corresponding operation defined for semaphores.C++ code Stack Implementation using Variable-sized Dynamic Arrays2. Stack Implementation using Linked Lists3. The applications of Stacks1. Implement a template-based stack using a variable-sized dynamic array. When the array getsfull, double its size before insertion of new elements. When array contains data lesser than33% of its size, reduce its size to half. The required member methods are:T* arr: array containing data elements of stackint capacity: stores the capacity of stack.int getCout(): returns total elements stored in the stack.bool isEmpty(): returns true if the stack is empty else false.bool isFull(): returns true if the stack is full.bool top(): returns, but does not delete, the topmost element from the stack via theparameter passed by reference, and returns true via the return statement. If there is noelement, it returns false via the return statement.bool pop(): deletes the top most element from the stack and returns true via the returnstatement. If there is no element,…3. a) Using the stack diagram, convert the following infix expression to a postfix expression. 4 + (9 – 3) / 2 b) Referring to question 3 (a), give the value of postfix expression by using the stack concept.