Prove that the thermocouple will underestimate the temperature of airflow by more than 20% but less than 30% in a large air duct if the temperature of the hot air is 1400 K, duct-wall temperature is 550 K, emissivity of the thermocouple is 0.6, and the convection heat-transfer coefficient is 114 W/m²-K.
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- Furnace walls are lined by 3 layers: firebrick with a thickness of 6 in (k=0.95 Btu/h.ft. F), insulating brick (k-0.4 Btu/h.ft.°F) and common brick (k=0.8 Btu /h.ft.°F) Firebrick inlet temperature, T₁ = 1800°F, maximum insulating brick temperature, T₂ = 1720°F and T3 = 280°F. 1. Calculate the thickness of the insulating brick layer. 2. If the common brick is 9 in, calculate the exit temperature.A liquid metal flows at a mass rate of 3 kg/s through a constant heat flux 5-cm-i.d tube in a nuclear reactor. The fluid at 473 K is to be heated with the tube wall 30 K above the fluid temperature. Determine the length of the tube required for a 1-K rise in bulk fluid temperature, using the following properties: p = 7.7 x 10^3 kg/m^3v = 8.0 x 10^-8 m^2/sCp = 130 J/(kg K)k = 12 W/mKPr = 0.011 Kaufman's correlation: Nu = 0,625.(Re.Pr)0,4Prove that the thermocouple will underestimate the temperature of airflow by more than 15% but less than 30% in a large air duct if the temperature of the hot air is 1367 K, duct-wall temperature is 533 K, emissivity of the thermocouple is 0.5, and the convection heat-transfer coefficient is 114 W/m2 -K.
- Ethylene glycol at 40°C flows over a heated plate very wide, 6 m long, at velocity of 0.04 m/s. For a temperature = 90°C, determine: 1- the thickness of the hydrodynamic boundary layer at the end of the plate2- the thickness of the thermal boundary layer at the end of the plate3- the local and average heat transfer coefficient at the end of the plate4- the total heat flux transferred from the heated surface.Water (cp=4.182 kJ/kg.K, k=0.6405 W/m.K, Pr=3.57, ν=0.5537x10-6 m2/s, ρ=998 kg/m3) flows through a tube (D=0.5 cm) with an average velocity of 0.2 m/s. The average temperatures of the water at the inlet and outlet cross-sections are 16,21 oC and 78,49 oC, respectively. The uniform heat flux of 0,58 W/cm2 is subjected to the surface of the tube for heating process. Determine the tube length [m].Air enters a 5 cm ID smooth-walled tube at 27°C with an average velocity of 3 m/s. The tube wall has a constant heatflux applied to it, qw = 380 W/m2K. Plot Tb(x) and Tw(x) until Tb reaches 38°C.
- Water (cp=4.182 kJ/kg.K, k=0.6405 W/m.K, Pr=3.57, ν=0.5537x10-6 m2/s, ρ=998 kg/m3) flows through a tube (D=0.5 cm) with an average velocity of 0.2 m/s. The average temperatures of the water at the inlet and outlet cross-sections are 20 oC and 79,87 oC, respectively. The uniform heat flux of 0,69 W/cm2 is subjected to the surface of the tube for heating process. Determine the maximum surface temperature [oC] of the tube.A desktop computer is to be cooled by a fan. The electronic components of the computer consume 80 W of power under full-load conditions. The computer is to operate in environments at temperatures up to 50°C and at elevations up to 3000 m where the atmospheric pressure is 70.12 kPa. The exit temperature of air is not to exceed 60°C to meet the reliability requirements. Also, the average velocity of air is not to exceed 120 m/min at the exit of the computer case, where the fan is installed to keep the noise level down. Specify the flow rate of the fan that needs to be installed and the diameter of the casing of the fan.An exhaust stream exits a plant at 1 atm and 160˚C at a rate of 1 m3/hr. Unfortunately, it includes 60,000 ppm of heptane, which was used as a solvent. Not only will this heptane contribute to ozone formation upon release, but this solvent costs $1.80 / L. The lost solvent, which has a specific gravity of 0.7, must be replaced when it exits in the exhaust. Consider proposing a cost-benefit analysis to the plant manager. One solution is to cool the exhaust stream, which requires energy and equipment. To recover 35% of the heptane before it is released to the atmosphere, what temperature would the exhaust need to be before exiting? How much money could the proposed equipment and operation cost per day while still breaking even?
- Water (cp = 4182 J/Kg.K) at a flow rate of 5000 Kg/hr is heated from 10oC to 35oC in an oil cooler by engine oil (cp = 2072 J/Kg.K) with an inlet temperatureof 85oC and a flow rate of 6000 Kg/hr. Take the overall heat transfer coefficient to be 3500 W/m2.K. What are the areas required for:a. Parallel Flow.b. Counter FlowWhat is the value of the heat transfer coefficient for air at 37 ° C flowing at 5 m / s perpendicular to a 10 cm x 10 cm square pipe at 93 ° C? h = 23kcal / hm ^ 2 ° C around this valuea] Steam at 280 oC, tube=26 W/m. It flows at a speed of 4.0 m/s along a pipe made of iron-steel material with a temperature of 0°C. The inner diameter of the iron-steel pipe is 6.0 cm and the outer diameter is 6.8 cm. In order to reduce the heat transfer, the iron-steel pipe is first covered with 2.0 cm thick glass wool (k = 0.38 W/m. oC), then with another 3.5 cm thick insulation material (k = 0.01 W/m. oC). The insulated iron-steel pipe is in the atmospheric environment where the temperature is 18 oC. The convective heat transfer coefficient on the outside atmospheric side of this pipe, where the steam flows, is 36 W/m2. oC, the film heat transfer coefficient on the steam side is 80 W/m2. Calculate the heat transferred per unit pipe length (W/m), since it is known to be °C. b] Calculate the thickness of the material when the pipe is sheathed externally with a material with a thermal conductivity of k=0.02 W/m.oC in order to reduce the heat to be transferred by 20% in the unit pipe…