Provide an explanation for the way the following formula Ca5(PO4)3OH is written and state the name of all the ions involved. (Explain what the subscripted numbers indicate, why is PO4 in brackets whereas OH isn’t?) Chemical Connections 3ACoral Chemistry and Broken BonesBone is a highly structured matrix consisting of both in- involving bone loss, a bone graft may be needed. An alterna-organic and organic materials. The inorganic material tive to a bone graft is an implant of synthetic bone material.is chiefly hydroxyapatite, Ca,(PO,),OH, which makes One such material, called Pro Osteon®, is derived by heat-up about 70% of bone by dry weight. By comparison, the ing coral (calcium carbonate) with ammonium hydrogenenamel of teeth consists almost entirely of hydroxyapa- phosphate to form a hydroxyapatite similar to that of bone.tite. Chief among the organic components of bone are col- Throughout the heating process, the porous structure oflagen fibers (proteins, see Chapter 22), which thread the coral, which resembles that of bone, is retained.their way through the inorganic matrix, providing extrastrength and allowing bone to flex under stress. Alsoweaving through the hydroxyapatite-collagen frameworkare blood vessels that supply nutrients.A problem faced by orthopedic surgeons is how to repairbone damage. For a minor fracture, usually a few weeks ina cast suffices for the normal process of bone growth to re-200°C5CACO, + 3(NH,),HPO, 24-60 hoursCoralCa,(PO,),OH + 3(NH,),CO, + 2H,CO3HydroxyapatiteThe surgeon can shape a piece of this material topair the damaged area. For severe fractures, especially those match the bone void, implant it, stabilize the area by in-serting metal plates and/or screws, and let new bone tis-3 sue grow into the pores of the implant.In an alternative process, a dry mixture of calciumdihydrogen phosphate monohydrate, Ca(H,PO,), H,0O;calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO,); and calcium carbonate,CaCO3, is prepared. Just before the surgical implant oc-curs, these chemicals are mixed with a solution of sodiumphosphate to form a paste that is then injected into thebony area to be repaired. In this way, the fractured bonyarea is held in the desired position by the synthetic mate-rial while the natural process of bone rebuilding replacesA wrist fracture repaired with bone cement (white area).the implant with living bone tissue.Synthes, USA (fomerly Norian Corp., Cupertino, CA)

To naming compound, we first write cation then anion parts in front of cation. If there are more…

Provide an explanation for the way the following formula Ca5(PO4)3OH is written and state the name of all the ions involved. (Explain what the subscripted numbers indicate, why is PO4 in brackets whereas OH isn’t?)

Provide an explanation for the way the following formula Ca5(PO4)3OH is written and state the name of all the ions involved. (Explain what the subscripted numbers indicate, why is PO4 in brackets whereas OH isn’t?)

Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168390

Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser

Publisher:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser

Chapter5: Thermochemistry

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 52E: Before the introduction of chlorofluorocarbons, sulfur dioxide (enthalpy of vaporization, 6.00...

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