Q.2) Assume a pipeline system with unequal four stages: fetch instruction (FI=2ms), decode instruction (DI=2.5ms), fetch operand (FO=3ms), and execute (EX=1.5ms). 1. Draw the pipeline diagram and mention the time of each stage, for a sequence of 15 instruction program, in which the instruction 3 is a jump to instruction 13. 2. Find the speed up factor for the nineline when the branch never taken

Q.2) Assume a pipeline system with unequal four stages: fetch instruction (FI=2ms), decode instruction (DI=2.5ms), fetch operand (FO=3ms), and execute (EX=1.5ms). 1. Draw the pipeline diagram and mention the time of each stage, for a sequence of 15 instruction program, in which the instruction 3 is a jump to instruction 13. 2. Find the speed up factor for the nineline when the branch never taken

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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Consider the following sequence of instructions, where the syntax consists of an opcode followed by the destination register followed by one or two source registers (see image 1). Assume the use of a four-stage pipeline: fetch, decode/issue, execute, write back. Assume that all pipeline stages take one clock cycle except for the execute stage. For simple integer arithmetic and logical instructions, the execute stage takes one cycle, but for a LOAD from memory, five cycles are consumed in the execute stage. If we have a simple scalar pipeline but allow out-of-order execution, we can construct the following table for the execution of the first seven instructions (see image 2). The entries under the four pipeline stages indicate the clock cycle at which each instruction begins each phase. In this program, the second ADD instruction (instruction 3) depends on the LOAD instruction (instruction 1) for one of its operands, r6. Because the LOAD instruction takes five clock cycles, and…
17. Consider the following hypothetical instruction: SubMem R1, mem1, mem2 This instruction works as follows: \[ \mathrm{R} 1 \leftarrow \text { [mem1] - [mem2] } \] In a multi-cycle datapath implementation, this instruction will: a. Use the MDR twice b. Use the ALU once c. Use the "shift to left" unit twice d. None of the above Answer: B 18. Consider the following hypothetical instruction: Mems mem1, R1, mem2 This instruction works as follows: \[ \text { [mem1] } \leftarrow \mathrm{R} 1 \text { - [mem2] } \] One of the following is correct about this instruction: a. It will not need theBregister b. It will require priting into MDR twice c. It will require writing into the ALUout three times d. None of the above Answer: A 19. By comparing the hypothetical instructions given in Questions (17) and (18), if we run these instructions on the same processor, then one of the following is correct: a. Both instructions have the same CPI b. Mems executes faster than SubMem c. SubMem executes…
The following sequence of instructions are executed in the basic 5-stage pipelined processor OR R1, R2, R3 OR R2, R1, R4 OR R1, R1, R2 a) Indicate the dependencies and their types b) Assume no forwarding in this pipelined processor indicate hazards and NOP instruction to eliminate them. c) Assume there is full forwarding, indicate hazards and NOP instructions to eliminate them
The runtimes of the five stages of executing an instruction in a non-pipelined machine are listed below. Instruction Fetch 100ps Instruction Decode 200ps ALU 300ps Memory 300ps Write Back 200ps This is then converted into a pipelined machine M1 using the most critical stage as the cycle time. For a new machine M2, we are allowed to break up exactly one stage into two substages of equal times giving us a six stage pipeline. A1: Discuss in short clear sentences the latency differences between the machines M1 and M2. A2: Discuss in short clear sentences the throughput differences between the machines M1 and M2.
ANSWER THE QUSTIONS THAT IS WRITEN OR ON THE PICTURE PLEASE Question 6: Suppose in a program there are 120 instructions, and 6 stages are required for each instruction to be processed. Time required in each stage is equivalent to 1 ps. Calculate the speedup of pipeline parallel processing. Question 7: Suppose in a program there are 300 instructions, and 6 stages are required for each instruction to be processed. Time required in each stage is equivalent to 1 ps. Calculate the efficiency of pipeline parallel processing. Question 8: Consider a 5-stage instruction execution in which, Instruction fetch = ALU operation = Data memory access = 250 ps; and Register read = Register write = 200 ps. Find out the speedup factor for pipelined execution.
Question 7: Suppose in a program there are 300 instructions, and 6 stages are required for each instruction to be processed. Time required in each stage is equivalent to 1 ps. Calculate the efficiency of pipeline parallel processing.
Consider a CPU that implements a single instruction fetch–decode–execute–write- back pipeline for scalar processing. The execution unit of this pipeline assumes that the execution stage requires one step. Describe, and show in diagram form, what happens when an instruction that requires one execution step follows one that requires four execution steps.
consider a CPU that implements two parallel fetch-execute pipelines for superscalar processing. Show the performance improvement over scalar pipeline processing and no-pipeline processing, assuming an instruction cycle similar to figure 4.1 in the Section I B of "Advanced Systems Concepts", i.e.:  a one clock cycle fetch  a two clock cycle decode  a three clock cycle execute and a 200 instruction sequence: Show your work. 7. o pipelining would require _____ clock cycles: 8. A scalar pipeline would require _____ clock cycles: How high is the increase in speed (percentage) compared to no pipelining? 9. A superscalar pipeline with two parallel units would require ______ clock cycles: How high is the increase in speed (percentage) compared to no pipelining?
In the examination of how data dependences affect execution in the basic 5-stage pipeline, this exercise refers to the following sequence of instructions: or r1,r2,r3 or r2,r1,r4 or r1,r1,r2 Also, assume the following cycle times for each of the options related to forwarding: Assume there is no forwarding in this pipelined processor. Indicate hazards and add nop instructions to eliminate them. Assume there is full forwarding. Indicate hazards and add NOP instructions to eliminate them. What is the total execution time of this instruction sequence without forwarding and with full forwarding?
Consider an unpipelined processor. Assume that it has 1-ns clock cycle and that it uses 4 cycles for ALU operations, and 5 cycles for branches, and 4 cycles for memory operations. Assume that the relative frequencies of these operations are60%,20%, and20%respectively. Suppose that due to clock skew set up, pipelining the processor adds0.2 nsof overhead to the clock. Ignoring any latency impact, how much speed up in the instruction execution rate will we gain from a pipeline? Please type answer no write by hend.
CPI stands for clock cycles per instruction. Speedup from pipelining = (Number of pipeline stages) / (Achieved CPI ). Assume a 5-stage pipeline. Assume that CPI = 1 when there are no pipeline stalls (the ideal case). Now assume that every branch instruction causes a 3 clock cycle stall in the pipeline. Assume that for the program being executed 30% of executed instructions are branch instructions. What speedup from pipelining is achieved by this program?
Consider a fairly standard 5-stage pipeline: Fetch; Decode; Execute; Memory; Writeback. Let the processor be a nice, simple RISC single-cycle machine. The instructions below are executed. The branch should be taken — however, this processor does no prediction and always assumes a fall-through. Draw a Gantt chart for this and determine the branch penalty. SUB R1, R1, #1 BEQ R1, R0, LoopDone LOAD R2, Memory(100) SUB R3, R2, R1 MUL R3, R3, R3 LOAD R4, Memory(200) ADD R5, R4, R3 STORE R5, Memory(204)