Q.4) Consider the scenario below where 4 TCP senders are connected to 4 receivers. Senders transmit to the receiving hosts at the fastest rate possible (i.e., at the rate at which the bottleneck link between a server and its destination is operating at 100% utilization, and is fairly shared among the connections passing through that link). R = 1 Gbps and again Rc is 300 Mbps and Rs is 400 Mbps and that all four senders have data to send, Server-2 Server-1 Re Server-3 R Rc Server-4 Rc
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- Consider the scenario below where 4 TCP senders are connected to 4 receivers. The servers transmit to the receiving hosts at the fastest rate possible (i.e., at the rate at which the bottleneck link between a server and its destination is operating at 100% utilization, and is fairly shared among the connections passing through that link). R =1 Gbps and Rc is 300 Mbps and Rs is 400 Mbps. And that all four senders have data to send, What is the minimum value of Re that will ensure that the connections to Host-1 and Host-2 are not bottlenecked at links with capacity Rc or Re?Suppose nodes A and B are on the same 10 Mbps broadcast channel, and the propagation delay between the two nodes is 245 bit-times. Suppose A and B send Ethernet frames at the same time. Suppose the transmission time of the entire frame is 295 bit-times. So, the frames collide, and then A and B choose different values of K in the CSMA/CD algorithm. A node chooses the value of K at random from {0,1,2,...2n−1} where n is the number of collisions experienced on the channel – note n is set to 1 in this case). For Ethernet, the actual amount of time a node waits is K*512 bit times (i.e., K times the amount of time needed to send 512 bits into the Ethernet). Suppose A chooses a K value of 0 and B chooses a K value of 1. Assuming no other nodes are active, can the retransmissions from A and B collide? Justify your answer by showing all the intermediate steps of your calculations.Suppose we have a web page which contains 10 objects including: a html main file, 8 jpg image, and a .mp3 background music. For simplicity, assume each of the 10 objects has a size of 4 Kbits and that each object can be completely transferred in one TCP packet. Furthermore, assume the round-trip time between the server and client is RTT= 250 ms, and the download rate is 1 Mbps. What will be the time it takes to complete transferring the web page running in the non-persistent mode? Total delay = ms
- The first thing needed is a IP-addressing range to use in our network. Since this assignment is done in a laboratory setting, we don't have to comply to the RFC1918[2] standards of private IP-addressing. An IP address is written in the form shown in equation (2.1.1). X grpl grp2 grp3 grp4 X grpl grp2 grp3 grp4 We need however to take into consideration that the address range of 224.0.0.0/3 have been reserved, for amongst other thing multicast. Because of this, we will need to use another modulus-value on the first octet when we are generating a usable ip-address range. Start by creating your groups unique IP-address range using equation (2.1.2) where {x,y EZ | 0≤x≤ 223,0 ≤ y ≤ 255} (2.1.2) where {x EZ | 0≤x≤ 255} Where each octet will be based on each group members birthday. Value X is calculated according to equation (2.1.3), and value Y is calculated according to equation (2.1.4). YY * MM + DD mod 223 YY MM + DD X mod 255 grpl (2.1.1) The fourth group in the IP-address should be set…5.03-5. Dijkstra's Algorithm (3, part 5). Consider the network shown below, and Dijkstra's link-state algorithm. Suppose that Dijkstra's algorithm has been run to compute the least cost paths from node E to all other nodes. Now suppose that source node E has a packet to send to destination node A. What is the first router to which E will forward this packet on its path to A? OF (A) 3 2 4 B 8 D 10 4 E 4 2 FIn a network, two systems are connected and the distance between the system is 5000 km. The propagation speed of the medium is 2 x 107 m/s. The bandwidth of the network is 500 MBps. If the average packet size is 108 bits and the network is used to its full capacity. The minimum size of the sequence number field is n bits. The processing delay at nodes is 0 ms. What is the value of n in case of Go-Back-N sliding window protocol?
- 1.4-10 Link Utilization (a). Consider the scenario below where 4 TCP senders are connected to 4 receivers. The servers transmit to the receiving hosts at the fastest rate possible (i.e., at the rate at which the bottleneck link between a server and its destination is operating at 100% utilization, and is fairly shared among the connections passing through that link). Server-1 Host-1 Server-2 Rs Rc Server-3 Rs Rc Rs R Rc Host-3 Server-4 Rs Rc Host-4 Host-2 Suppose that R = 1 Gbps and Rc is 300 Mbps and R, is 200 Mbps. Assuming that the servers are sending at their maximum rate possible, enter the link utilizations for the client links (whose rate is Rc) below. Enter your answer as a decimal, of the form 1.00 (if the utilization is 1, or 0.xx if the utilization is less than 1, rounded to the closest xx). The utilization of the client links, whose rate is Rc, is: [A]Consider four Internet hosts, each with a TCP session. These four TCP sessions share a common bottleneck link - all packet loss on the end-to-end paths for these four sessions occurs at just this one link. The bottleneck link has a transmission rate of R. The round trip times, RTT, for all fours hosts to their destinations are approximately the same. No other sessions are currently using this link. The four sessions have been running for a long time. i) What is the approximate throughput of each of these four TCP sessions? Explain your answer briefly. ii) What is the approximate size of the TCP window at each of these hosts? Explain briefly how you arrived at this answer.Suppose that the average object size is 850,000 bits and that the average request rate from the institution’s browsers to the origin servers is 16 requests per second. Also suppose that the amount of time it takes from when the router on the Internet side of the access link forwards an HTTP request until it receives the response is three seconds on average (see Section 2.2.5). Model the total average response time as the sum of the average access delay (that is, the delay from Internet router to institution router) and the average Internet delay. For the average access delay, use Δ/(1 – Δ ), where Δ is the average time required to send an object over the access link and is the arrival rate of objects to the access link. a. Find the total average response time.b. Now suppose a cache installed in the institutional LAN, Suppose the miss rate is 0.4. Find the total response time.
- Problem 2. Consider a packet of L bits that is sent over a path of Q links (i.e., a source and destination connected by a sequence of (Q-1) routers or switches). Each link transmits at R bps. This packet is the only traffic transmitted by the network (so there are no queuing delays) and the propagation delay and processing delay at routers are negligible. How long does it take to send this packet from source to destination if the network is: a) a packet-switched datagram network b) a circuit-switched network. Assume that bandwidth of R bps on each link is sliced into five individual circuits, so that cach circuit receives (R/5) bandwidth. Also assume that the circuit setup time is t,.. Give an expression for the number of links Q such that the packet delivery from the sender to the receiver will be faster over the packet-switched network, and the expression for the number of links Q such that the circuit-switched network will be faster.Consider a node called A that sends packets to an adjacent node called B. To control the packet flow to node B, node A employs a credit manager scheme in which parameters C=3(credits), C_max=4(credits) and \tao=6(msec), respectively. node A has an infinite buffer to temporarily store packets. When a packet arrives at node A, node A stores the packet at the bottom of the buffer. Node A also has a single server (transmitter). As soon as the server becomes idle, the server picks up a packet at the head of the buffer, if any, and serves the packet for packet transmission time T_p as far as there remains a credit. (The packet transmission time T_p = 4 (msec).) We observed the arrival times of the first 12 packets, denoted by aA(1)⋯A(12), which were as follows: n A(n) 1 0.5 msec 2 1.0 3 1.5 4 2.0 5 4.5 6 5.5 7 6.5 8 12.5 9 13.0 10 13.5 11 14.0 12 14.6 1. Let R(n) denote the departure time of the n th packet from the buffer for n∈{1,2,...}. Find R(n) for…A frame containing http request is sent from Computer (A) [in whichever subnet it is now, make sure to show it in your figure], to the access point it is associated with. Draw the address fields (1, 2, and 3) of the frame travelling from Computer A to AP and the source and destination addresses of the frame travelling from AP to R1. The MAC addresses of AP1, AP2, and AP3 are M1, M2, and M3 respectively, and the Router R1’s MAC address connected to this Switch/AP is MRA. IP address values are already given, and the port addresses could also be used as given. The Router’s MAC address facing WAN side is MRW.