Ql: Consider a copper ( k= 396 W/m K ) long cylindrical fin 0.25 cm in diameter that protrudes from a wall at 95°C into ambient air at 25°C. The heat transfer is mainly by natural convection with a coefficient equal to 10 W/m2 K. Calculate the heat loss, assuming that (a) the fin is very long and (b) the fin is an infinite length of 2.5 cm. (c) calculate fin efficency for case b.
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- 3.10 A spherical shell satellite (3-m-OD, 1.25-cm-thick stainless steel walls) re-enters the atmosphere from outer space. If its original temperature is 38°C, the effective average temperature of the atmosphere is 1093°C, and the effective heat transfer coefficient is , estimate the temperature of the shell after reentry, assuming the time of reentry is 10 min and the interior of the shell is evacuated.A transformer is to be cooled via forced air convection. To increase the effectiveness of thecooling, Alloy 1095 cast aluminum fins are attached to the top of the transformer overwhich air is blown (negligible thermal contact resistance between the transformer and thefins). The fins are 2 cm thick and 7 cm long and span the entire length of the transformer,and the transformer is 7 cm wide and 10 cm long. Air leaves the cooling fan at 25°C .a) Decide how to model the fins before performing any real analysis. Youare willing to accept some error in your analysis and so you will either model thefins as having adiabatic tips or being infinitely long. You expect the average convectioncoefficient over the heat transfer surfaces for this system to be around 50 W m2– K⁄ .Which tip condition should you use for the fins in your analysis? b) Modeling the transformer as being isothermal, determine the average convectioncoefficient over the heat transfer surfaces. Account for heat transfer from the…Water at 5°C is being used to cool apples from an initial temperature of 25° to 10°C. Thewater flow over the surface of the apple creates a convective heat-transfer coefficientof 15 W/(m2-K). Assume the apple can be described as a sphere with a 10 cm diameterand the geometric center is to be reduced to 10°C. The apple properties include thermalconductivity of 0.45 W/(m-K), specific heat of 3.950 kJ/(kg-K), and density of 940 kg/m3.a. Determine the time that the apples must be exposed to the water.b. If the apple is submerged only for 2 hours, what will be its center temperature?
- As seen in the attached figure, a 5-mm-diameter spherical ball (k = 15 W/m·K, Cp=480 J/kg·K) at 50°C is exposed to a medium at 15°C, with a combined convection and radiation heat transfer coefficient of 20 W/m2·K (to be used for option a and b) a) If the ball is covered by a 1-mm-thick plastic insulation (k = 0.13 W/m·K), determine whether the plastic insulation on the ball will help or hurt heat transfer from the ball. b) Assume that the ball is initially at uniform temperature of 50 °C. Determine how long it will take for the center of the ball to drop to 20 °C.A long stainless-steel (AISI 316) steam pipe, with an inside diameter of 6.00 cm and an outside diameter of 8.00 cm, is covered with a layer of asbestos insulation (k = 0.150 W/m-K) 1.00 cm thick, which in turn is covered with foam insulation (k = 0.044 W/m-K) 6.00 cm thick. The inside surface temperature of the stainless-steel steam pipe is measured to be 250.0°C, while the outside surface of the foam is exposed to convection, T_inf = 25.0°C, h_inf = 15.0 W/m^2-K. • Draw and label a sketch of this system. Include dimensions, known temperatures, etc. • Draw and completely label the corresponding 1-D steady-state conduction resistor diagram. • Determine the heat transfer rate through the pipe per unit length. • Calculate the temperature at the asbestos/foam interface.A transformer that is L=20cm long, 6.2 cm wide, and 5 cm high is to becooled by attaching a 10 cm × 6.2 cm wide polished aluminum heatsink (emissivity =0.03) to its top surface. The heat sink has seven fins,which are 5 mm high, 2 mm thick, and 10 cm long. A fan blows air at25°C parallel to the passages between the fins. The heat sink is todissipate 20 W of heat and the base temperature of the heat sink is notto exceed 60°C. Assuming the fins and the base plate to be nearlyisothermal and the radiation heat transfer to be negligible, determinethe minimum free-stream velocity the fan needs to supply to avoidoverheating. (k=0.02681W/m˚C, Pr=0.7248, V= 1.726×10-5 m2/s, )
- A plane wall (0.8 m x 0.6 m) at 10 oC is to be heated by attaching 7-cm-long, 3-mm-diameter pin fins (k=200 W/mK, ρ=5000 kg/m3) to it. nfin=200 fins are to be used in total. Temperature of the surrounding fluid is 100 oC, and the heat transfer coefficient on the surfaces is 35 W/m2K. Total (material + manufacturing) cost of the fins is 850 TL/kg. Fill the table below by neglecting heat transfer from the fin tips. nfin=? a) Fin efficiency b) Fin effectiveness c) Overall fin effectiveness d) Total cost of finsA spherical object with a temperature of 700 oC, made of carbon steel with a diameter of 3 cm, will be cooled to 370 oC by an air flow with a temperature of 35 oC and a heat convection coefficient of 90 W/m2K. Calculate the time (s) required to cool the body, ignoring the temperature gradient inside the body and making any other assumptions you deem necessary. The heat transmission coefficient of carbon steel can be 45 W/mK, its density is 7800 kg/m3 and its specific heat is 480 J/kgK.A total of 10 rectangular aluminum fins (k =203 W/m·K) are placed on the outside flat surface of anelectronic device. Each fin is 100 mm wide, 20 mm highand 4 mm thick. The fins are located parallel to each otherat a center-to-center distance of 8 mm. The temperature atthe outside surface of the electronic device is 60°C. The airis at 20°C, and the heat transfer coefficient is 100 W/m2·K. Determine (a) the rate of heat loss from the electronic device to the surrounding air and (b) the fin effectiveness.
- The rate of heat transfer per unit area from a metal plate is 1000 W/m^2 . The surface temperature of the plate is 120°C, and ambient temperature is 20°C. Estimate the convective heat transfer coefficient.A food product with 73% moisture content in a 5 cm diameter can wants to be frozen. The density of the product is 970 kg / m³, the thermal conductivity is 1.2 W / (m K), and the initial freezing temperature is -2 ° C. After 12 hours in the freezing medium -30 ° C, the product temperature becomes -10 ° C. Estimate the convection heat transfer coefficient of the freezing medium. Assume the can as an infinite cylinder. h = AnswerW / (m² K).Question 1:A glass window of width W = 1 m and height H = 2 m is 5 mm thick and has a thermal conductivity of kg=1.4 W/m.K. If the inner and outer surface temperatures of the glass are 15oC and -20oC, respectively, ona cold winter day, what is the rate of heat loss throughthe glass? To reduce heat loss through windows, it iscustomary to use a double pane construction in whichadjoining panes are separated by an air space. If thespacing is 10 mm and the glass surfaces in contact withthe air have temperatures of (last two digit of your Registration number) oC and -15oC, what isthe rate of heat loss from a 1 m x 2 m window? Thethermal conductivity of air is ka=0.024 W/m.K.