Quantal hypothesis refers to all the following except . . . Neurotransmitter is released in packets of equal size The postsynaptic response to a single neurotransmitter molecule is referred to as the quantal size The frequency distribution of response amplitudes can be fit by a Poisson function Miniature end-plate potentials are all approximately the same size One vesicle of neurotransmitter corresponds to a single packet (quantum)

Quantal hypothesis refers to all the following except . . . Neurotransmitter is released in packets of equal size The postsynaptic response to a single neurotransmitter molecule is referred to as the quantal size The frequency distribution of response amplitudes can be fit by a Poisson function Miniature end-plate potentials are all approximately the same size One vesicle of neurotransmitter corresponds to a single packet (quantum)

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 13RE

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Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/summation) to learn about summation. The process of converting electrical signals to chemical signals and back requires subtle changes that can result in transient increases or decreases in membrane voltage. To cause a lasting change in the target cell, multiple signals are usually added together, or summated. Does spatial summation have to happen all at once, or can the separate signals arrive on the postsynaptic neuron at slightly different times? Explain your answer.
Your current LTP experimental protocol is as follows: - Isolate a ‘silent synapse’ with only NMDA receptors in the postsynaptic membrane. - Induce LTP via low frequency presynaptic stimulation coupled with postsynaptic depolarization. You’re able to verify that the synapse has been potentiated, as there are now strong post-synaptic responses to presynaptic stimulation. But you’re unable to prove conclusively that this change was AMPA receptor-mediated. Explain how you will design an experiment to monitor the trafficking of AMPA receptors into the membrane during LTP using the electrophysiological tag, and how this technique works. Explain how your method utilizes 1) Visualization and 2) Electrophysiological recordings to quantify trafficking of AMPA receptors. Provide an example of how electrophysiological data can be interpreted support the hypothesis that LTP induction leads to the trafficking of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic site.
I have stimulated a neuron with dopamine for a second followed by treating it with cocaine and calcium chelating agent (which chelates out all calcium from the system making them unavailable for function), what will be the effect of such impulse on generating an action potential in the post-synaptic neuron? Will it be different if I pretreat the set of nerve cells with cocaine and calcium chelating agent followed by stimulating the neuron with dopamine? Justify your answer with proper reasoning in brief.
which one of the following statements is incorrect? a. temporal summation occurs when a single synaptic input is activated twice in succession, with the second postsynaptic potential occurring before the first postsynaptic potential is over. b. blocking voltage-gated k* channels in the presynaptic membrane of a typical chemical synapse is likely to reduce the amount of neurotransmitter released in response to a single action potential in the presynaptic axon. c. in the optic tectum of the hunting rattlesnake, spatial summation is used to combine inputs from visual and thermoreceptive layers in order to make a decision whether to strike at a mouse-like object. d. a single type of neurotransmitter can have different postsynaptic actions depending on the type of receptor to which it binds.
Prozac is a SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor). Its actions to selectively block serotonin reuptake is an example of blocking which step of neurotransmission? Select one: a. post synaptic receptor activationcross out b. vesicular releasecross out c. neurotransmitter clearancecross out d. vesicular transportcross out e. all of these Prozac is a SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor). Its actions to selectively block serotonin reuptake is an example of blocking which step of neurotransmission? Select one: a. post synaptic receptor activation b. vesicular release c. neurotransmitter clearance d. vesicular transport e. all of these
How does a postsynaptic cell undergo long-term potentiation or depression? •The receptors can be made more sensitive or less sensitive through post-translational modification (phosphorylation, ubiquitination, palmitoylation, etc) •The number of receptors can be increased by translating more of the relevant protein or proteins, or by transporting existing receptors to the synapses •The receptors can be made less numerous by removing them from the synapse •all of the above Need answer in short asap!!
Now your professor hands you a new mystery compound, compound B. You add it to the dish with your hippocampal circuit. You fire the presynaptic cell once and get a 0 mV response in the postsynaptic cell. You try to induce LTP by firing the presynaptic cell rapidly (high frequency stimulation or HFS). After the HFS, you fire the presynaptic cell once and you still get a 0 mV EPSP. What is the most likely mechanism of action of the compound B? Group of answer choices AMPA receptor antagonist NDMA receptor antagonist NMDA receptor agonist AMPA receptor agonist
You have isolated a neurotoxin from a newly discovered snake species. When you administer the toxin to brain tissue, you can no longer record an excitatory postsynaptic potential after you experimentally stimulate the presynaptic neuron. a. Draw what the experimental setup would look like. Also include a picture of the recording you would get from the postsynaptic neuron after the presynaptic stimulation before and after the administration of the toxin. Label your figures completely and label all axes.
Select all of the statements from the list below that are true. Within a single axon, an action potential is always of the same magnitude. (In other words, it always looks the same on a trace of the membrane potential.) All excitatory post-synaptic potentials trigger an action potential. Graded potentials are always hyperpolarizing. The action potential always moves in one direction along an axon. Integration of sensory information is a major function of the central nervous system. All axons in the body are myelinated.
Quick question on the process of movement Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which the peripheral neurons lose their myelin sheath. In this disease, voluntary movement of the limbs is slowed because; Pick the ones that are true the rate of opening of ligand-gated Na+ channels is decreased. the generation of the action potential is blocked at points along the unmyelinated region due to the absence of voltage-gated channels the action potential amplitude is degraded at the Nodes of Ranvier of the peripheral neuron. The Schwann cells are targeted and destroyed by the immune system, affecting saltatory propagation. the rate of opening of ligand-gated Na+ channels is decreased.
Imagine you are studying the activity of neurons in a mouse that is awake and interacting with other mice. If you knew that an excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) occurred, you _______ predict whether it would increase or decrease the likelihood of a particular behavior The neurons you are studying could be releasing ___________ because it is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain that generally depolarizes postsynaptic neurons. If you wanted to study what happens when neurons are unable to make this particular neurotransmitter you could use ___________, which is a method that prevents your gene of interest from being translated. Group of answer choices A) Could not; GABA; Electron microscopy B) Could; Glutamate; Anterograde tracing C) Could; GABA; Immunohistochemistry D) Could not; Glutamate; Antisense oligonucleotides
In chemical synapses, transmission occurs in a forward direction because :-a- neurotransmitter receptors are found only in the postsynaptic membraneb- the subsynaptic membrane does not contain neurotransmitter vesiclesc- the subsynaptic membrane is more sensitive than the membrane of synaptic knob to the effect of neurotransmittersd- the subsynaptic membrane contains both ligand-gated and voltage-gated ionic channels