You are investigating the effects of a new drug your lab has created. You have an intact synapse (including pre- and post-synaptic neurons) in a dish. You add thedrug to the dish so that it covers the cells and observe what happens.Following electrical stimulation of the pre-synaptic neuron, you record an action potential in the pre-synaptic neuron but observe no release ofneurotransmitter into the synapse.Your drug most likely affects which of the following ions?Calciumnegatively charged proteinsChloridepotassium

The neurotransmitter proteins are transcribed in the nucleus and translated in the cytosol following…

Answered: You are investigating the effects of a…

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter4: Principles Of Neural And Hormonal Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3TAHL

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Why do neurotransmitters have to be removed from the synapse?
I have stimulated a neuron with dopamine for a second followed by treating it with cocaine and calcium chelating agent (which chelates out all calcium from the system making them unavailable for function), what will be the effect of such impulse on generating an action potential in the post-synaptic neuron? Will it be different if I pretreat the set of nerve cells with cocaine and calcium chelating agent followed by stimulating the neuron with dopamine? Justify your answer with proper reasoning in brief.
Which of the following would occur if a neuron was experimentally stimulated simultaneously at both ends? The action potentials would pass in the middle and travel to the opposite ends The action potentials would stop as they meet in the middle. The stronger action potential would override the weaker action potential. Summation would occur when the action potentials meet in the middle, resulting in a larger action potential.
Imagine you are studying the activity of neurons in a mouse that is awake and interacting with other mice. If you knew that an excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) occurred, you _______ predict whether it would increase or decrease the likelihood of a particular behavior The neurons you are studying could be releasing ___________ because it is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain that generally depolarizes postsynaptic neurons. If you wanted to study what happens when neurons are unable to make this particular neurotransmitter you could use ___________, which is a method that prevents your gene of interest from being translated. Group of answer choices A) Could not; GABA; Electron microscopy B) Could; Glutamate; Anterograde tracing C) Could; GABA; Immunohistochemistry D) Could not; Glutamate; Antisense oligonucleotides
Which of the following is the role of axonal Calcium (Ca2+) channels in neuronal communication at the synapse? a) they inhibit the action potential causing it to stop b) Calcium channels have no role in this process c) by allowing calcium to exit the cell, they promote the propagation of action potential across the synapse by creating depolarization d) by blocking calcium entrance, they mediate the contraction of presynaptic axon to facilitate movement e) when they open, calcium enters the presynaptic terminal, promoting fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with presynaptic membrane, and release of neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleft
If you inhibit the closing of sodium channels what do you predict the effect on neuronal function will be? If you inhibit the closing of sodium channels what do you predict the effect on neuronal function will be? Hyper-excitability: more sodium ions flow into the cell, causing neurons to fire more readily Hypo-excitability: more sodium ions flow into the cell, causing neurons not to fire as readily Less sodium is pumped out of the cell, slowing down return to the resting state Sodium ions are toxic to neurons, leading to cell proliferation
1.1 What would be the effect of blocking neurotransmitter degradation on neurotransmitter concentration at the synapse? 1.2You are studying an excitatory synapse that is not strong enough to evoke a postsynaptic action potential. Would the probability of a postsynaptic potential increase or decrease after blocking neurotransmitter degradation? 1.3 ) You are studying an excitatory synapse that evokes a postsynaptic action potential. Would the probability of a postsynaptic potential increase or decrease after blocking presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels?
Suppose axon A enters a ganglion (cluster of neurons) and axon B leaves on the other side. Shortly after an experimenter stimulates A, an impulse travels down B. We want to know whether B is just an extension of axon A or whether A formed an excitatory synapse on some neuron in the ganglion, whose axon is axon B. How could an experimenter determine the answer? Try to think of more than one good method. Presume that the anatomy within the ganglion is so complex that you cannot simply observe the course of an axon through it.
Two different groups of researchers are studying alternative methods of treating Parkinson's disease. Group A - is working with black widow spiders. They have determined that their venom stimulates synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic membrane to release neurotransmitters into the synapse. The researchers have isolated an enzyme that behaves like the venom. in the synapse. Group B - is working with mushrooms. They have isolated a molecule in these mushrooms that is similar in structure to dopamine. The molecule attaches to the dopamine receptor sites on the postsynaptic membrane. You are a member of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). You must decide which of the two groups of researchers can obtain the grant for Parkinson's disease research. Which of the two groups of researchers should receive the grant money? Explain your decision by explaining the mechanism of both substances. Describe the action of the spider venom and…
In the hippocampus, when glutatmate is released into the synaptic cleft, but the postsynaptic cell is NOT depolarized, there is only a small postsynaptic response. Why is this the case? A. Ca++ ions block the NMDA ion channel B. Mg++ ions block the NMDA ion channel C. Glutamate is an inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter D. There are no NMDA receptors on the postsynaptic cell
At a given synapse, the _____ neuron has neurotransmitter receptors.
Now your professor hands you a new mystery compound, compound B. You add it to the dish with your hippocampal circuit. You fire the presynaptic cell once and get a 0 mV response in the postsynaptic cell. You try to induce LTP by firing the presynaptic cell rapidly (high frequency stimulation or HFS). After the HFS, you fire the presynaptic cell once and you still get a 0 mV EPSP. What is the most likely mechanism of action of the compound B? Group of answer choices AMPA receptor antagonist NDMA receptor antagonist NMDA receptor agonist AMPA receptor agonist

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