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- A hypothetical currency (a) of country A grows stronger against the £ due to an increased supply of £s, moving from 120a/1£ to 105a/1£. Country A's central bank conducts a non-sterilised intervention by selling currency a, and buying £s. Draw a diagram for supply and demand for pounds in the forex market, and illustrate and comment on the intervention taken by Country A's central bank. Drawing a separate diagram, show the impact of this intervention on currency a's overall money supply and demand conditions.B) Describe the instruments of monetary policy. (Any four with proper explanation)As a member of the FOMC, Write a directive to the committee about the conduct of monetarybpolicy over the next two months. Your directive may address a target for GDP growrh rate, the federal funds rate, and the rate of inflation.
- Classify each of the following as either a policy instru- ment or an intermediary target. Explain your answer. a. Long-term interest ratesb. Central bank interest rates c. M2d. Reserve requirementsAssume we have a simplified banking system in balance-sheet equilibrium. Also assume thatall banks are subject to a uniform 10 percent reserve requirement and demand deposits arethe only form of money. A commercial bank receiving a new demand deposit of $100 wouldbe able to extend new loans in the amount of: Group of answer choices $1,000. $10. $100. $90.Suppose that the Bank of Canada engages in monetary tightening, raising its Overnight Rate Target from 0.25 to 4 percent, so as to ‘build back better.’ (a) Why would no commercial bank borrow at a rate above the Bank Rate on theovernight market? (b) Why would no commercial bank lend at a rate below 3.75 percent on the overnightmarket?
- What happens to the amount of money demanded or supplied in each of the following cases?Draw a separate money demand and money supply graph for each part of this question, label theaxes, and show how the change will shift the money demand and/or the money supply curve.Explain any curve shifts in each case. Show initial and final equilibrium interest rate and quantityof money.a. The Central Bank sells securities in the open market while the economy is experiencinghigh inflation. b. The Central Bank decreases the required reserve ratio during a recession.Consider the model of supply and demand for central bank money. Assumethat there there are commercial banks. Suppose that people hold 20% of their moneyin currency and 80% of their money in deposits. The central bank sets the reserve-todeposit ratio at 10%. In the first period, the central bank increases the supply of moneyby $200, buying bonds through Open-Market Operations. Use this information to answerthe following questions:(a) For the second period (after the central bank has injected $200 in theeconomy), calculate: (i) the demand for currency, (ii) the amount of deposit held atthe commercial banks, (iii) the demand for reserves held at the central bank, and(iv) the demand for the high-powered money. How much is the additional moneysupply created at the end of the second period?2(b) How much is the additional money supply created at the end of the thirdperiod?(c) As time continues, additional money supply will be created. Calculatethe total increase in the money supply as a…Nobel Prize winner Franco Modigliani found that themost important transmission mechanisms of monetarypolicy involve consumer expenditure. Describe how atleast two of these mechanisms work
- The central bank buys worth of bonds in the open market from Joe, who deposits the proceedsin his checking account at Bank. The required reserve ratio is .(a) What is the amount by which Bank’s liabilities have changed? Explain.(b) Calculate the change in required reserves for Bank. Show your work.(c) What is the dollar value of the maximum amount of new loans Bank can initially make as aresult of Joe’s deposit? Explain.(d) Based on the central bank’s open-market purchase of bonds, calculate the maximum amount bywhich the money supply can change throughout the banking system. Show your work.(e) How will the change in the money supply in part (d) affect aggregate demand and the price level inthe short run? ExplainGiven that in an economy, Given that in an economy, C = 102+0.7Y, I=150-100r, MS =300, Mt = 0.4Y, and Mz=125-200r where, Y= income, C= consumption, I= investment, MS= money supply, Mt= transactional-precautionary money demand, Mz= speculative money demand and r= interest rate. Calculate;1. The equilibrium level of income and interest rate in this economy.2. The level of C, I, Mt, and Mz when the economy is in equilibrium.Question 10a. (i).Draw a graph showing equilibrium in the money market. Carefully label all curves andaxes and explainwhy the curves have the slopesthey do.(ii). Using the graph you prepared in a(i), illustrateand explain what happens when the Central Bankdecreases the money supply.(iii).When the Central Bank decreases the money supply, the equilibrium level of income changes. Illustrate andexplain how.