Question 12 [5 Mark] A 10-cm-wide and 15-cm-high vertical hot surface in 25 °C air is to be cooled by a heat sink with equally spaced fins of rectangular profile. The fins are 1 mm thick and 15 cm long in the vertical direction and have a height of 25 mm from the base. Draw the neat figure of the setup and determine the optimum fin spacing and the rate of heat transfer by convection from the heat sink if the base temperature is 90 °C.
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- 5.7 The average Reynolds number for air passing in turbulent flow over a 2-m-long, flat plate is . Under these conditions, the average Nusselt number was found to be equal to 4150. Determine the average heat transfer coefficient for an oil having thermal properties similar to those in Appendix 2, Table 18, at at the same Reynolds number and flowing over the same plate.A solar collector consists of a horizontal copper tube of outer diameter 5 cm enclosed in a concentric thin glass tube of 9 cm diameter. Water is heated as it flows through the tube, and the annular space between the copper and glass tube is filled with air at 1 atm pressure. During a clear day, the temperatures of the tube surface and the glass cover are measured to be 60°C and 32°C, respectively. Determine the rate of heat loss from the collector by natural convection per meter length of the tube.A can of engine oil with a length of 150 mm and a diameter of 100 mm is placed vertically in the trunk of a car. In a hot summer day, the temperature in the trunk is 43°C. If the surface temperature of the can is 17°C, determine heat transfer rate from the can surface. Neglect the heat transfer from the ends of the can.
- (a) If the cost of producing the hot water is $0.10 per kWh, what is the representative daily costof heat loss from an uninsulated pipe to the air per meter of pipe length? The convectionresistance associated with water flow in the pipe may be neglected.(b) Determine the savings associated with application of a 10-mm-thick coating of urethaneinsulation (k = 0.026 W/m-K) to the outer surface of the pipe.Experiment No. (5) Heat Transfer, Power Input and Surface temperature Questions and Discussions 1. What is the difference between natural and forced convection heat transfer? 2. What sources of error are there in this experiment? 3. Mention the parameters you utilized during the calculation and discuss them briefly. 4. In what functions does Nusselt number in natural convection differ from forced convection, Discuss. 5. Give two examples of natural convection heat transfer. 6. In natural convetion, what makes the hot part of fluid to move?The author and his then 6-year-old son have conducted the following experiment to determine the thermal conductivity of a hot dog. They first boiled water in a large pan and measured the temperature of the boiling water to be 94°C, which is not surprising, since they live at an elevation of about 1650 m in Reno, Nevada. They then took a hot dog that is 12.5 cm long and 2.2 cm in diameter and inserted a thermocouple into the midpoint of the hot dog and another thermocouple just under the skin. They waited until both thermocouples read 20°C, which is the ambient temperature. They then dropped the hot dog into boiling water and observed the changes in both temperatures. Exactly 2 min after the hot dog was dropped into the boiling water, they recorded the center and the surface temperatures to be 59°C and 88°C, respectively. The density of the hot dog can be taken to be 980 kg/m3, which is slightly less than the density of water, since the hot dog was observed to be floating in water while…
- Define the cooling of a boiled egg by forced and natural convection.Fins, or extended surfaces, commonly are used in a variety of engineering applications to enhance cooling. Common examples include a motorcycle engine head, a lawn mower engine head, extended surfaces used in electronic equipment, and finned tube heat exchangers in room heating and cooling applications. Consider aluminum fins of a rectangular profile, which are used to remove heat from a surface whose temperature is100° C . The temperature of the ambient air is 20° C. We are interested in determining how the temperature of the fin varies along its length and plotting this temperature variation. For long fins, the temperaturedistribution along the fin is given bya 2cm diameter copper meltallic element at an initial uniform temperature of 60 C is submerged in 20c water. The temp of the sphere after 20 seconds is 31c. Determine the average heat transfer coefficient. write assumptions.
- Differentiate between free and forced convection with examples.For the Convective Heat Transfer experiment, describe the difference in the procedures: Natural or FreeConvection and Forced convection. What makes the FORCED convection experiment as FORCED? Explain which, in your consideration should give the higher heat transfer rate? And REASON why? Did your results support your consideration?Consider laminar flow of air across a hot circular cylinder. At what point on the cylinder will the heat transfer be highest? What would your answer be if the flow were turbulent?