QUESTION 4 Which of the following is true if good x is an externality exhibiting good. Consumers consume too much good x relative to what is socially optimal. If consumption of good x by person 1 exhibits a positive externality, then consumption of good x by person 2 must also exhibit a positive externality. Consumers consume too much good y relative to what is socially optimal. Equilibrium consumption of the good is not Pareto efficient

QUESTION 4 Which of the following is true if good x is an externality exhibiting good. Consumers consume too much good x relative to what is socially optimal. If consumption of good x by person 1 exhibits a positive externality, then consumption of good x by person 2 must also exhibit a positive externality. Consumers consume too much good y relative to what is socially optimal. Equilibrium consumption of the good is not Pareto efficient

Principles of Economics, 7th Edition (MindTap Course List)

7th Edition

ISBN:9781285165875

Author:N. Gregory Mankiw

Publisher:N. Gregory Mankiw

Chapter11: Public Goods And Common Resources

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2PA

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a. Suppose a market is introduced for the externality Eveline causes on Victor. Let us denote by px the price of this externality. Suppose "property rights" are assigned such that Victor has the right not to experience the smell of cooked cabbage. The competitive equilibrium price ratios pm and Px are equal to? b. Derive the market allocation corresponding to the new competitive equilibrium of the economy formed by Eveline and Victor (ce, me) and (cv,mv). c. Is the new competitive equilibrium Pareto efficient?
Consider an economy with n consumers, one privategood and one public good. We think of the private good as “all othergoods,” and measure it in terms of money. There are n individuals inthe economy with utility functions Ui(xi, y) = αi ln y + xi, where y is thepublic good, xi is the private good consumed by individual i = 1, . . . , n,and 0 < α1 < α2 < · · · < αn are parameters. Initial endowment of privategood of each consumer is given by wi. We donote the aggregate endowment 1of the private good by w =Pi wi. The cost of producing the public good is c(y) = cy for some c > 0. Find the optimal provision of the public good as well as how much is provided under voluntary contributions.
P = 500 - 4Q and the (inverse ) 2. Consider the market for automobiles Let the (inverse ) market demand function be market supply function be P = - 100 + 2Q Plot the demand and supply functions and show the market equilibrium Find the equilibrium output and price in this market and show it on your graph Consumption of automobiles (driving behavior of buyers) generate negative external effects on others in society because emissions associated with driving and any increase in the probability of automobile accidents (let us assume more cars on the road lead to a higher probability of automobile accidents). Assume that the marginal external loss/damage to society from the consumption of a car is worth $60. Using the information given above, construct the marginal social benefit and marginal social cost curves as necessary d. Now calculate the efficient number of cars that should be sold and bought in the market e. Identify the net efficiency loss to society from the market level of cars…
o ensure all students are protected from getting the flu this year, your school offers free flu shots. What type of externality exists in this example? Question 16 options: Negative consumption externality. Negative production externality. Positive production externality. Positive consumption externality. Neutral externality.
Suppose the demand for standard sized bottled water in the US is Qd=120-30.5P where Qd is monthly quantity demanded in millions and P is the price per bottle in dollars and cents. If the marginal private cost (MPC) of producing the bottled water is one dollar, calculate the market equilibrium quantity. Explain what a constant marginal cost implies. Does that mean the total opportunity cost of producing bottled water is unrelated to how many are produced? Let’s assume that the marginal private benefit (MPB) of bottled water equals the marginal social benefit (MSB). Explain what that means. At the equilibrium calculated in part A, what do you know about buyers’ willingness to pay in each transaction?
Consider the market for fire extinguishers.a. Why might fire extinguishers exhibit positiveexternalities?b. Draw a graph of the market for fire extinguishers,labeling the demand curve, the social-value curve,the supply curve, and the social-cost curve.c. Indicate the market equilibrium level of outputand the efficient level of output. Give an intuitiveexplanation for why these quantities differ.d. If the external benefit is $10 per extinguisher,describe a government policy that would yield theefficient outcome.
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uppose that we are considering the market for windmills. The private demand for electric cars is given buy: Qd = 160 − 2? And the private supply of electric cars is given by: Qs = p − 20Suppose also that electrci cars produce a positive externality, with a Marginal Economic Benefit of $30 per unit. 5. What would be the private market equilibrium (p* & Q*)? 6. What is the socially optimal equilibrium (p* & Q*)? 7. What is Producer Surplus and Consumer Surplus in the private market equilibrium? 8. What is the increase in Total Surplus from moving from the private market equilibrium to the socially optimal equilibrium?
2. Assume the market demand for cigarettes is as follows: Price per pack 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 Quanti ty (packs per day) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Suppose further that smoking creates external costs valued at 50 cents per pack. a. Draw the social and market demand curves b. At 3.50 per pack, what quantity is demanded in the market? 50 packs c. What is the socially optimal quantity at that price? ? d. How large would a tax need to be in order to bring about this socially optimal level? ?
Consider two ways to protect your car from theft.The Club (a steering wheel lock) makes it difficult fora car thief to take your car. Lojack (a tracking system)makes it easier for the police to catch the car thiefwho has stolen it. Which of these methods confersa negative externality on other car owners? Whichconfers a positive externality? Do you think there areany policy implications of your analysis?