Question 6 Which new research strategy is the pharmaceutical industry currently undertaking? A. developing drugs for diseases that are less common but well understood B. none of the other answers C. developing drugs that are small derivatives of existing treatments for common diseases D. developing drugs that will market well to consumers directly
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- It costs $1 million in R&D to develop a new diabetes treatment. The marginal cost of producing and marketing a treatment, once discovered, is $10. Suppose that Pfizer currently is selling a treatment that is covered by a valid patent, which is set to expire in one year. What is the most likely outcome of a proposed law that would allow generic drug companies to enter any market 5 years before the expiration of the patent covering it? Question options: a) More diabetics would use the treatment Pfizer invented, and drug companies would invest more in R&D for future treatments b) Fewer diabetics would use the treatment Pfizer invented, and drug companies would invest more in R&D for future treatments c) More diabetics would use the treatment Pfizer invented, and drug companies would invest less in R&D for future treatments d) Fewer diabetics would use the treatment…It costs $1 million in R&D to develop a new diabetes treatment. The marginal cost of producing and marketing a treatment, once discovered, is $10. Suppose that Pfizer currently is selling a treatment that is covered by a valid patent, which is set to expire in one year. What is the most likely outcome of a proposed law that would allow generic drug companies to enter any market 5 years before the expiration of the patent covering it? A. More diabetics would use the treatment Pfizer invented, and drug companies would invest more in R&D for future treatments B. Fewer diabetics would use the treatment Pfizer invented, and drug companies would invest more in R&D for future treatments C. More diabetics would use the treatment Pfizer invented, and drug companies would invest less in R&D for future treatments D. Fewer diabetics would use the treatment Pfizer invented, and drug companies would invest less in R&D for future treatmentsA college has two types fo students: students from middle-income families who have an estimated price elasticity of demand equal to -1.5 and students from lower-income families who have an estimated price elasticity of demand equal to -2.5. The colleges marginal cost for providing one-year's academic credit is $4,500 regardless of which student is receiving the education. a. What annual tuition (price) should the college establish for students from middle-income families?b. What annual tuition(price) should the college establish for students from lower-income families?
- Qno3 AVAC is the only pharmaceutical firm producing a Vaccine. The Demand Curve for its product is Qd = 250 – 50 P where P is Price and Q are packs of vaccines in ‘000 Total Cost Function estimated by the firm is TC = 15 + 0.5Q where Q is monthly output. Required. a). What is the market structure of AVAC? State its characteristics. b). To maximize profit, i) What will be the optimum price and how many packs of Vaccine should the firm produce and sell per month? ii). If this number of packs is produced and sold, what will be the firm’s monthly profit? c). Using available information, draw AVAC’s demand, marginal revenue and marginal cost curves in a graph and clearly label thefirm’s profit maximizing price, quantity and profit. Do you observe any welfare loss? If so, also indicate and label the area on the graph.? d). Assume all other pharmaceutical firms in the market start producing the Vaccine and the market becomes competitive. What will…Question 2 The Orphan Drug Act provides special patent protection and financial support from the state government for drugs designed to treat patients with diseases or conditions that effect 200,000 people or less. True FalseQuestion 1 AVAC is the only pharmaceutical firm producing a Vaccine. The Demand Curve for its product is Qd = 250 – 50 P where P is Price and Q are packs of vaccines in ‘000 Total Cost Function estimated by the firm is TC = 15 + 0.5Q where Q is monthly output. a. What is the market structure of AVAC? State its characteristics. b. To maximize profit, What will be the optimum price and how many packs of Vaccine should the firm produce and sell per month? If this number of packs is produced and sold, what will be the firm’s monthly profit? c. Using available information, draw AVAC’s demand, marginal revenue and marginal cost curves in a graph and clearly label thefirm’s profit maximizing price, quantity and profit. Do you observe any welfare loss? If so, also indicate and label the area on the graph. d. Assume all other pharmaceutical firms in the market start producing the Vaccine and the market becomes competitive. What will be the impact on price and marginal…
- A college has two types fo students: students from middle-income families who have an estimated price elasticity of demand equal to -1 1/2 and students from lower-income families who have an estimated price elasticity of demand equal to -2 1/2. The colleges marginal cost for providing one-year's academic credit is $4,500 regardless of which student is receiving the education. a. What annual tuition (price) should the college establish for students from middle-income families? b. What annual tuition(price) should the college establish for students from lower-income families?Give four factors that led to the development of pharmaceutical industry in chinaWhich of the following is TRUE about the pharmaceutical industry? a. In the United States drug companies can receive a patent of 100 years for each drug they develop b. Lowering the length of patents could induce greater innovation and new drug development. c. Raising the length of patents would lower profits of pharmaceutical companies d. Price controls in other countries make existing drugs more affordable overseas but they decrease the overall rate of innovation for new drugs.
- The global pandemic 2020 has promoted a race to capture the market for introducing effective vaccine and treatments. a)- If PFIZER is the sole vaccine provider given the following information, answer the questions below: Output Price/Unit Total Cost 1 5500 1000 2 5000 1200 3 4500 1500 4 4000 2500 5 3500 4000 6 3000 5700 7 2500 7500 8 2000 9400 9 1500 11400 10 1000 13500 Given the tabular information above find the profit-maximizing output and price also illustrate the same using the two-dimensional labeled diagram. Show the calculation as well. (use excel) b)- Assume if many firms enter into the business of providing vaccine determine: How the demand curve of PFIZER would change and how it would now maximize its profit? The kind of market structure now PFIZER is forced to operate in? Also, illustrate the same using…Market approval in the US for new pharmaceutical products is a long, arduous, and expensive process. Once approved, patent protection keeps close substitute products from entering for some years. If the demand for a particular product is stable, what would you predict for the profitability after approval and prior to patent expiration? Why? What would you predict for the profitability of pharmaceuticals products after the patent expires? Why?Oculus and Maxygen are small drug companies. Oculus has obtained a patent on a new antibiotic that is effective against an emerging superbug—a bacteria that is resistant to traditional antibiotics. Unfortunately, the Oculus drug has severe side effects, making the drug unsuitable except for patients who are desperate. Ownership of this drug is worth $20 million to Oculus under the current situation. Maxygen has a patent on another drug that is of no therapeutic value in itself so the drug generates no current income for Maxygen. However, when combined in a particular way with the Oculus drug, it dramatically reduces the negative side effects. The value of the two drugs together is estimated at $55 million. Maxygen is negotiating to sell its patent to Oculus. Situations of this type are fairly common in the drug business and sales of patent rights are common. However, sometimes negotiations over such sales take a long time and sometimes negotiations are unsuccessful. Why…