Question: Currently, perfect price discrimination-in which each person is charged a price at (or a smidge below) their reservation price, which is also their marginal benefit-is mostly a hypothetical scenario. However, as data mining becomes more ubiquitous, we may see markets that more closely resemble perfect price discrimination through individual pricing. 1. Use a graph to illustrate perfect price discrimination. Perfect price discrimination is where you charge each customer at their reservation price which is the maximum amount they would pay. 1. Explain how perfect price discrimination benefits the seller and depict the new producer surplus on the graph. 2. Explain how perfect price discrimination benefits the buyer and depict the new consumer surplus on the graph. 3. Explain how perfect price discrimination impacts the total market quantity. 4. Discuss whether the new equilibrium quantity is a socially optimum level.

AFTER READING THE PARAGRAPH ANSWER  THE QUESTION : On Wednesday April 8, Starbucks announced that itexpects its fiscal second-quarter earnings to be cutnearly in half as the coronavirus pandemic causessales to plunge in its two largest markets. What wouldbe the right pricing strategy to maximize revenues forStarbucks in the current circumstances? In January 2020, Starbucks raised their beverage prices by an average of1% across the U.S, a move that represented the company’s firstsignificant price increase in 18 months. I failed to notice because the pricechange didn’t affect grande or venti (medium and large) brewed coffeesand I don’t mess with smaller sizes, but anyone who purchases tall size(small) brews saw as much as a 10 cent increase. The company’s thirdquarter revenue rose 25% to $417.8 million from $333.1 million a yearearlier, and green coffee prices have plummeted, so what gives?Starbucks claims the price increase is due to rising labor and non-coffeecommodity costs, but with…

6. Examples of price discrimination Complete the following table by determining whether or not each scenario is an example of price discrimination. Hint: To determine whether a scenario is an example of price discrimination, think about whether the market can be segmented into two groups that pay different prices for the same good. Scenario Price Discrimination Yes No Every year, Lesspay ShoeSource promotes its giant BOGO sale—buy one pair of shoes and get one half off—through commercials and other means of advertising. Note that the price of one pair of shoes is the regular retail price, so a customer must buy two pairs of shoes to receive the discount. Horizon Wireless offers various features "à la carte" that a customer may add to his or her calling plan, such as a text messaging package, a data package, and an Internet package.

Another strategy Alex can increase his economic profit is to set an all-or-nothing price lower than the monopoly price. The all-or-nothing pricing strategy requires a consumer to buy all the apples at a given price. If Alex sets the all-or-nothing price at $6.25, calculate the economic rent andconsumer surplus under all-or-nothing pricing for different quantities. What is the optimal all-or- nothing quantity Alex should sell to maximize economic profit?

4G l 7:08 68 https://vle.usm.edu.ph/m 2 Aretail store faces a demand equation for Roller Blades given by: Q = 180 - 1.5P where Q is the number of pairs sold per month and P is the price per pair in dollars. If we get the inverse demand or the price equation from the above equation, what will be the new demand equation? Select one: a. P = 0.67Q - 120 b. P = Q - 120 c. P = Q - 180 d. P = 1.5Q - 180

3. Suppose you own a small Pizza shop. You currently charge 30 dirham per dinner for everyone who comes to your shop. Your friend who took an economics course in college tells you that there may be a way to increase your total revenue. Given the demand curves shown, answer the following questions. Show calculations when possible. ++ + 20 P + P excantity Given the graphs and what your friend knows about economics, he recommends you decrease the price from 30 to 20 dirham. Calculate the elasticity of demand and then answer the following: (a) is it worth it to decrease the price or not? (b) how much could you increase total revenue if you take? his advice? Explain.

6. Al's Appliancemart has market power in selling refrigerators. He just got in a shipment of undamaged refrigerators. Al has determined that there are two different types of buyers. One group are high demanders who have a more inelastic demand but tend to be picky about how nice their appliances look (they won't buy a dented one). Other buyers, low demanders, have a relatively more elastic demand, but also don't mind having a refrigerator with some dents. He pays $600 for each refrigerator from his supplier. 3/3 He has calculated that the high and low demander demand functions follows: Low: P = 1,000-0.5QL (QL = 2,000 - 2P) High: P = 1,600 - QH (QH = 1,600 – P) How much profit could Al earn if he sells them as is? How many should he add dents to (with a hammer) in order to maximize profit? What price would he then put on the non-dented and the dented refrigerators and how many would he sell of each? What would his profit then be?

News Analysis: Market Power and the EpiPen Consider the pharmaceutical company Mylan that produces epinephrine injection devices called EpiPens. In the presence of other firms producing substitutes for this good, the price of EpiPens is $150. Now suppose that competitors to Mylan no longer produce epinephrine injection devices, so Mylan now has pricing power in this market. As the economist on staff at Mylan, you are charged with the task of figuring out what your company's new pricing strategy should be. The following graph shows the marginal cost (MC), which is assumed to be constant, and the average total cost (ATC) of Mylan. The graph also shows the demand curve (D) for EpiPens and the marginal revenue curve (MR) once the firm has market power. On the graph, use the grey point (star symbol) to indicate the quantity of EpiPens demanded if Mylan continues to charge $150. Dashed drop lines will automatically extend to both axes. 1000 900 Q at $150 800 700 Profit Max 600 500 400 ATC at…

16. Revenue with Substitutable Products. The Camera Shop sells two popular models of digital single lens reflex (DSLR) cameras. The sales of these products are not inde- pendent; if the price of one increases, the sales of the other increases. In economics. these two camera models are called substitutable products. The store wishes to estab- lish a pricing policy to maximize revenue from these products. A study of price and sales data shows the following relationships between the quantity sold (N) and price (P) of each model: NA 195 0.6PA + 0.25PB N = 301+0.08PA-0.5PB a. Construct a model for the total revenue and implement it on a spreadsheet. b. Develop a two-way data table to estimate the optimal prices for each product in order to maximize the total revenue. Vary each price from $250 to $500 in incre- ments of $10.

The following graph illustrates the weekly demand curve for motorized scooters in Moline. Use the green rectangle (triangle symbols) to compute total revenue at various prices along the demand curve. Note: You will not be graded on any changes made to this graph. PRICE (Dollars per scooter) 195 180 165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 + + 0 3 6 9 A B Demand ++ 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 QUANTITY (Scooters) 33 36 39 22 Total Revenue ?