Refer to the Figure 11a. If the economy is at point Er, a government creating economic policy in these circumstances should be most concerned about what? Price Pf Pr Fig11a LRAS AD Yr Real GDP AL SRAS ADY YE W AD Oa. inflation and unemployment. Ob. inflation but not unemployment. Oc. unemployment but not inflation. O d. neither inflation nor unemployment.
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- According to adaptive expectations, what happensto the inflation rate and the unemploymentrate in the following situations?a. Initially, the economy is operating at thenatural rate of 6 percent unemployment.The anticipated rate of inflation is6 percent, and the actual rate is also6 percent.b. In the next period, there is an unexpected risein the inflation rate to 10 percent.c. In the next period, there is an unexpected risein the inflation rate to 12 percent.) Suppose that 20,000 of the employed switches to jobs in the undergroundeconomy. When interviewed by STATIN, 50% of these switchers report that theyare not working and not seeking work, while the other 50% report that they arenot working but seeking work. Explain what happens to the officialunemployment rate and the “true” unemployment rate. (d) Illustrate and carefully explain the impact of an increase in the income tax ratefrom 25 percent to 35 percent on the demand for labour, supply of labour,equilibrium wage and level of employment.Given the unpopularity of inflation, why don’t elected leaders always supportefforts to reduce inflation? Many economists believe that countries can reducethe cost of disinflation by letting their central banks make decisions aboutmonetary policy without interference from politicians. Why might this be so?
- If an economy’s self-correcting mechanism worksslowly, should the government necessarily pursuean activist policy to eliminate unemployment? Why orwhy not?Which of the following is false? a. If people can anticipate the plans of policymakers and alter their behavior quickly, their behavior could neutralize the intended impact of government action on real GDP. b. The theory of rational expectations leads to optimistic conclusions regarding macroeconomic policy’s ability to achieve its intended economic goals. c. Rational expectations economists believe that wages and prices are flexible, and that workers and consumers incorporate the likely consequences of government policy changes quickly into their expectations. d. Catching consumers and businesspeople off-guard with macroeconomic policy changes gets harder the more you try to do it. e. None of the above is false; all are true.Suppose that people expect inflation to be 3 percentbut that, in fact, prices rise by 5 percent. Describehow this unexpectedly high inflation would help orhurt the following:a. the governmentb. a homeowner with a fixed-rate mortgagec. a union worker in the second year of a laborcontractd. a college that has invested some of its endowmentin government bonds
- 1) Plot the following markets on a graph: Government market: using 50 jets for Q and $5 billion for P as point A (equilibrium). AD/AS graph: using 19.1 trillion for RGDP and 1.9% for inflation as point A (equilibrium). How will our AD/AS graph look like when U.S. government buys less jets in the government market? 2) Plot the following markets on a graph: Labor market: using 5 laborers and $5.00 for wage as point A (equilibrium). AD/AS graph: using 19.1 trillion for RGDP and 1.9% for inflation as point A (equilibrium). How will our AD/AS graph look like when Congress implements an income tax hike in the labor market?Would you expect to see long-run data trace out a stable downward-sloping Phillips curve?Economists from all theoretical persuasions criticized the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The Stimulus Package was arguably a Keynesian measure so why would a Keynesian economist be critical of it? Why would neoclassical economists be critical?
- Which school of economic thoughts suggests that the speed of adjustment for self-correction to potential GDP would be very quick?O. monetarismO. Keynesian economicsO. supply-side economicsO. rational expectations theoryExplain, with the aid of a graph, the demand‐pull inflation. In your answer, consider the following: Graphical illustration of the demand‐pull inflation (5) Provide any three of your own examples/scenario that might cause the demand‐pull inflation (6) Recommend the policy tools to use in order to curb each type of inflation mentioned above (4)Explain whether the followinjl; statements are true,false, or uncertain.a. "Inflation hurts borrowers and helps lenders,because borrowers must pay a higher rate ofinterest.''h. "If prices change in a way that leaves the overallprice level unchanged, then no one is made betteror worse off."r. "Inflation docs not reduce the purchasing powerof most workers."