Refer to the information provided in Figure 32.3 below to answer the question(s) that follow. AS (long run) Price level D Yo Output Figure 32.3 B AS₂ AS₁ AD₂ AD₁
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- Consider the following numerical example of the IS-LM model: C = 200 + 0.25YD I = 150 + 0.25Y - 1000i G = 250 T = 200 i = .05 (i has a bar over it) a. Derive the IS relation. (Hint: You want an equation with Y on the left side and everything else on the right.) b. The central bank sets an interest rate of 5%. How is that decision represented in the equations? c. What is the level of real money supply when the interest rate is 5%? Use the expression:(M>P) = 2Y - 8000i d. Solve for the equilibrium values of C and I, and verify the value you obtained for Y by adding C, I, and G. e. Now suppose that the central bank cuts the interest rate to 3%. How does this change the LM curve? Solve for Y, I, and C, and describe in words the effects of an expansion-ary monetary policy. What is the new equilibrium value of M/P supply? f. Return to the initial situation in which the interest rate set by the central bank is 5%. Now suppose that government spending increases to G = 400. Summarize the…In the model SIM of chapter 3 of the book of Godley, Wynne, and Marc Lavoie. 2012. Monetary Economics: An Integrated Approach to Credit, Money, Income, Production and Wealth. 2nd ed. 2012 edition., starting from a stationary state simulate the effect of an increase in government expenditure under four variations of the model: a model with simple adaptive expectations Y De = Y D−1, Discuss the trajectory of output from the original stationary state to the new one. G_D is Government goods demand, and theta is Tax rate,The following set of equations describe an economy: C = 15,000+0.5(r-T)-50,000 rl^P = 10,000 - 25,000 г G = 8,000 NX = 2,600 T = 8,200 Y^* = 46,800 a. Find a numerical equation relating planned aggregate expenditure to output and to the real interest rate. PAE = b. At what value should the Fed set the real interest rate to eliminate any output gap? (Hint Set output Y equal to the value of potentia output given above in the equation you found in part a. Then solve for the real interest rate that also sets planned aggregate expenditure equal to potential output.) Instructions: Enter your response as a whole number. Real rate of interest:
- consider an economy in which the demand for money is of the formY / (1 + it)for t = 0, 1, 2, · · · , where output is 150 and it denotes the nominal interest rate in period t. The real interest rate, denoted r, is constant and equal to 4%. In period0 and 1, the money supply is 100 and people expect that money supply wouldbe 100 forever. People have rational expectations. In period 2, the central banksurprises people and sets the money supply will grow at 2 percent forever, that is,M0 = 100, M1 = 100, M2 = (1.02)M1, M3 = (1.02)M2, and so on. A. Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 1,and expected inflation in period 2, given the information available in period1, π1, i1, M1/P1 and, E1π2. B. Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, real money balance in period 2, and expected inflation in period 3, given the information available in period2, π2, i2, M2 / P2 and, E2π3. C. Find the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, and real money…Suppose the economy begins at full employment. Label this starting point as point "1." Then, suppose that, due to increased instability in the financial markets, a decrease in investor and consumer confidence occurs. Show the effects on your graph and label the new equilibrium point "2." Lastly, suppose the Federal Reserve wants the economy to return to full-employment as quickly as possible. Should the Fed intervene? If so, show the impact of successful monetary policy on your graph. Label this new equilibrium point "3."Explain whether each of the following statements is true or false : A). An increase in the ratio of cash holdings to deposits raises the money multiplier. B). If real interest rates become negative, the neoclassical model of investment predicts there is now no limit to how much capital rms want to purchase.
- If planned aggregate spending in an economy can be written as PAE = 15,000 + 0.6Y − 20,000r, andpotential output equals 34,000, what real interest rate must the Federal Reserve set to bring theeconomy to full employment?Both the portfolio choice and Keynes’s theories of thedemand for money suggest that as the relative expectedreturn on money falls, demand for it will fall. Whydoes the portfolio choice approach predict that moneydemand is affected by changes in interest rates? Whydid Keynes think that money demand is affected bychanges in interest rates?Some economics, notably Keynesians, believe that _______________.Group of answer choices A. since both V and Q are constants for an economy in short-run equilibrium, the equation of exchange becomes the quantity theory of money which explains prices B. even though velocity isnt constant, it is predictable C. If a change in M occurs, it may not only affect P, but also and at the same time affect Q
- Consider the following closed economy in the context of the IS-LM model. The consumption function (C), the investment function (I), government purchases (G), taxes (T), the money demand function (MD), money supply (M) and the price level (P) are given as: C = 500 + 0.75(Y - T)I = 1000 - 300?G = 1000T = 1200MD = 0.5Y - 200rM = 5000P = 2 (a) Write down the equations for the IS curve and LM curve. Show your workings. (b) Solve for the short-run equilibrium output and interest rate. (c) Suppose government purchases falls, with ΔG=-175. (i) Using the Keynesian cross model, calculate the change in equilibrium output. (Hint: Use the government purchases multiplier.) (ii) Would your answer be the same if you calculate the change in equilibrium output using the IS-LM model? Briefly explain your answer. (e) Suppose the price level falls. Using an appropriate IS-LM diagram, illustrate the short-run impact of the fall in price level on the equilibrium interest rate and output. No written…Graphically show and link the long-run equilibrium in goods market and money market, using MD-MS diagram, Investment Expenditure diagram, AE-Y diagram, and AD-AS diagram. a. Clearly explain (using chain reactions) and show the short-run effect of an increase in money supply on the equilibrium of this economy. Make sure you clearly show the impact in all diagrams. b. In the same way, explain and show the long-run effect of the increase in money supply noting that your answer to this question picks up where you finished in part (a) and describes the adjustment process according to the output gap. c. Clearly describe based on your graphs, the long-term neutrality of money. d. Is the composition of Y* any different after the new long-run equilibrium establishes?Consider an economy described by the following equations:Y = C + I + G (1)C = 100 + 0.75(Y − T) (2)I = 500 – 50 r (3)G = 125T = 100where Y is GDP, C is consumption, I is investment, G is government purchases, T is taxes, and r is the interest rate. If the economy were at full employment (that is, at its natural rate), GDP would be 2,000.1. Suppose the central bank’s policy is to adjust the money supply to maintain the interest rate at 4 percent, so r = 4. Solve for GDP. Is it greater or lower than full-employment level? How much 2. Assuming no change in monetary policy (as was in part i), what change in government purchases would restore full employment?1. Assuming no change in fiscal policy, what change in the interest rate would restore full employment?
