Refer to the information provided in Figure2 below to answer the questions that follow, Price level. P AD, AD AD, AD, AD AD Aauregte onput tinceme), Y Figure 132 37) Refer to Figure 13.2 The output multiplier is largest when the aggregate dernand curve shifts from A) ADI to AD2. B) AD3 to AD4. C) ADS to AD6 D) The output multipliet is the same for allAD curve shifts shown in the figure
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- in a closed economy with no government, where aggregate demand is determinedby autonomous consumption, investment (which is independent of output), and themarginal propensity to consume.a) Given that autonomous consumption is 20, investment is also 20, and the marginalpropensity to consume is 0.6, write out an equation for aggregate demand (AD) in thiseconomy. b) Given this aggregate demand equation, and the equilibrium equation Y = AD, usealgebra to find the equilibrium level of Y. c) Draw a diagram with output (Y) on the x-axis and aggregate demand (AD) on the yaxis. Draw two lines on this diagram: (i) Y = AD, and (ii) the aggregate demandfunction from part (a). Label the intercept of the AD line, and the point where the twolines intersect, with numerical values. (3 marks)d) Suppose that the marginal propensity to consume falls from 0.6 to 0.5. What wouldthe new equilibrium level of Y be? Illustrate your answer in the diagram you drew forpart (c). (2 marks)e) Calculate the value of…Suppose that a local economy has the following values for Desired C, I, G, and NX at a price levelof 100 given by: C = 6,000 + 0.9(1 − t)YI = 3,100G = 900NX = 2,000 − 0.06YThe tax rate (t) is equal to 10%. For every $1 increase in the price level, AutonomousConsumption (C) and Autonomous Investment (I) each decrease by $1.It also has an aggregate supply (AS) given by: AS = 2p10. What is the Short-Run Real GDP in this economy? Show your work. 11. Is this economy running a primary budget surplus or a primary budget deficit? How largeis it (in dollars)? Show your work. Suppose also that this government has an outstanding debt of $10,000, owed with an interestrate of 1%.12. Is this economy running a total budget surplus or a total budget deficit? How large is it(in dollars)? What is this country’s debt-to-GDP ratio? Show your work. Suppose that the above questions (Q10 – Q11) is only for the year 2010. Assume thateverything is the same (Ceteris Paribus) in 2011 and 2012 as it was in…Assume that (a)the price level is flexible upward but not downward and (b) the economy iscurrently operating at its full-employment output. Other things equal, how willeach of the following affect the equilibrium price level and equilibrium levelof real output in the short run?· An increase in aggregate demand.· A decrease in aggregate supply, with no change in aggregatedemand.· Equal increases in aggregate demand and aggregate supply.· A decrease in aggregate demand.· An increase in aggregate demand that exceeds an increase inaggregate supply.
- Suppose that a hypothetical economy has the following relationship between its real output and the input quantities necessary for producing that output: a. What is productivity in this economy?b. What is the per-unit cost of production if the price of each input unit is $2?c. Assume that the input price increases from $2 to $3 with no accompanying change in productivity. What is the new per-unit cost of production? In what direction would the $1 increase in input price push the economy’s aggregate supply curve? What effect would this shift of aggregate supply have on the price level and the level of real output?d. Suppose that the increase in input price does not occur but, instead, that productivity increases by 100 percent. What would be the new per-unit cost of production? What effect would this change in per-unit production cost have on the economy’s aggregate supply curve? What effect would this shift of aggregate supply have on the price level and the level of real output?Suppose that the economy's long-run output level is produces accourding to the following production funciton: Y= AK^1/2L^1/2 (will attach picture of the function) and that A = 5, K = 400 and L = 100 A. What is the economic meaning of the powers of K and L? B. What is the level of output ? produced when the economy in long-run equilibrium. C. Suppose that aggregate demand in the economy is described by the following equation:Y^d = m/kP Where M is the money supply, P is the price level and k = 1/V (velocity of money). Explain carefully where this equation is derived from and its interpretation D. Suppose that M = 2000 and that k = 2. What is the price level P at which the economy is in long-run- equilibrium? Plot such an equilibrium on a diagram with P on the vertical axis and Y on the horizontal axis, by distinguishing between the short-run and the long-run equilibrium. E. Now suppose that starting from the equilibrium of (b) and (c), the Central Bank increases M to 3000. Calculate…Suppose that the federal government decides to reduce the budget deficit and cuts government purchases by $200 billion and raise personal income taxes by $200 billion. Suppose the MPC = .5. a. How much and in which direction would the AD curve shift because of the government spending cut? b. How much and in which direction would the AD curve shift because of the tax increase? Show your work. c. Using the above numbers, draw the AS-AD diagram and illustrate the short-run impact of the combined policy action assuming the economy begins at potential output. Label the original equilibrium with point "A" and the new short-run equilibrium with point "B". d. Describe the impact of the policy action on employment/unemployment, spending, and prices/inflation. Be sure to include the impact of the spending multiplier. e. In moving from points "A" to point "B" on the AS-AD diagram, why do firms change their production? f. Characterize the labor market at point "B". g. Describe the process of…
- 18 - : If aggregate demand increases in an economy while aggregate demand is constant in the short run, which of the following statements is correct for the new equilibrium point?A) price decreases and national income increasesB) price rises national income risesC) price increases and national income does not changeD) price goes up and national income goes downE) price decreases and national income decreases.19 - : In which of the following expressions is the equation of change given correctly?A) MV=VK B) MT=PV C) MV=PT D) MP=VY E) MV=PAssume that an economy is experiencing simultaneous equilibrium in both the product market and money market. Furthermore, assume the MPC is currently around a normal level of 0.65 and the sensitivity of real money demand to also around a normal level. Based on this information, answer the following questions: b) What is meant by the term crowding out? In your answer also explain the implications of crowding out for the macroeconomy. (***explanation of crowding out where the concept is clearly defined and implications for the macroeconomy are fully discussed) c) If the MPC rises to 0.8 and also the sensitivity of real money demand to changes in the income rises well, use the IS-LM model to illustrate the impact of expansionary fiscal policy. Label the initial point prior to the fiscal policy as A and the new point following the expansionary policy as B. (***Correct fully labeled IS-LM Model shown including adjustment from the diagram in a) and correct position of points A and B.)The Short-Run Aggregate Supply Curve (AS) is given by: y=20pAnd the Short-Run Aggregate Demand Curve (AD) is given by: y=25,000−20p Suppose instead that the Central Bank wanted to take action to keep the price-level completely stable. This would entail keeping it constant at its current rate. Suppose also that the Central Bank targets the interest rate directly. Suppose also that: • The Marginal Propensity to Spend is 0.75. • Every 1% increase in the interest rate leads to a decrease in Autonomous Consumption of 250 and a decrease in Autonomous Investment of 250. How much would the Central Bank need to change the current interest rate in order to keep the price level from changing through the medium-term as this output gap closes in the economy?
- Considering the growing potential threat of terrorists’ attacks worldwide, the President of an economyapproved a fiscal spending of $24 billion to upgrade its national defense. a. Starting in a long-run equilibrium, draw a well-labelled AD-SRAS-LRAS diagram for the economy. b. Use the same diagram in part (a) to show the SR effect on the economy’s GDP (Y), the price level, andunemployment when the federal government increases its spending on national defense. c. To stabilize the price level and the economy’s GDP, what kind of monetary policy should the economyadopt? Illustrate your answer in the same diagram in (a).13. Assuming that an economy’s aggregate demand is given by its domestic consumption C and investment I, AD = C + I = c0 + c1Y + I. In the economy’s goods market equilibrium, this equals its output: AD = Y. Solving for Y this yields: Y = [1/(1 -c1 )] (c0+ I) Given this equation, which of the following statements is correct? 1. The multiplier is given by 1 – c1. 2. The boost in the economy’s output is the same, regardless of whether the aggregate demand shock comes from an increase in investment I or in autonomous consumption c0. 3. The larger the marginal propensity to consume (c1), the smaller the multiplier. 4. If c1 = 1/3, then a £1 million increase in investment would result in a £2 million increase in output. 14. In the US and the UK, loans are…You are hired by the Council of Economic Advisors (CEA) as an economic consultant.The chairperson of the CEA tells you that she believes the current unemployment rate istoo high. The unemployment rate can be reduced if aggregate output increases. She wantsto know what policy to pursue to increase aggregate output by 300 billion TL. The bestestimate she has for the MPC is 0.8. Which of the following policies should yourecommend?a) Increase government purchases by 75 billion TL.b) Reduce taxes by 75 billion TL.c) Reduce taxes by 75 billion TL and to increase government purchases by 75 billion TL.d) Reduce the budget deficit by 300 billion TL